am government 2 – Flashcards
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a statement hat describes what scientist expect to hapen every time under a particular set of conditions
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law
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articles of confederation
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basis of government for thirteen original states, written in 1776, adopted by all states by 1781
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constitution
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establishes structure, function, and limits of government
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natural law
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doctrine where society should be ruled by ethics and reason
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democracy
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govt gives power to people, directly or through elected individuals
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confederation
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government where national derives powers from states, league of individual states
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committee of correspondence
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kept colonists informed about the british, served to mold public opinion about british
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social contract theory
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people are free and equal by god-given right and consent to be governed and give up some rights to preserve social order. john locke, dec of independence.
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federalists
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first party, favored constitution and a strong national government
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libertarian
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favors free market economy with no government interference on personal property
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full faith and credit clause
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ensures judicial decree and contracts made in one state are binding and enforcable in another
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New Jersey Plan
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proposition for constitution, one vote for each state, congress had supreme law
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Virginia Plan
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first plan for constitution, proposed by J. Madison, legislature to choose executive and judicial
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reserved or police powers
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powers reserved to states by tenth am. lie at the foundation of right to legislate for welfare of people
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(elastic)necessary and proper clause
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congress can pass all laws to carry out enumerated powers from constitution
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implied powers
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derived from enumerated powers and implied through delegated powers to congress
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thirteenth amendment
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one of three civil war am, bans slavery in the united states
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fourteenth amendment
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one of three civil war am, equal protection and due process to all
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fifteenth amendment
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one of three civil war am, african americans can actually vote, enfranchised newly freed male slaves
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nineteenth amendment
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granted women the right to vote
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public interest group
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groups for a collective good, not monetary benefit
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political action committee
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fund-raisers for political interest groups
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coalition
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groups join forces for purpose of electing public officials
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civil service laws
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acts removed by staffing of bureaucracy and created a professional bureaucracy filled through competition
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majority rule
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central premise of direct democracy. only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made to law
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critical election
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signals party realignment through voter polarization around new issues
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Great Compromise
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constitutional convention, each state given same number of people in senate and in the House it's measured by population of the state
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social capital
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facilitate resolution of community problems through collective action
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republic
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govt rooted in consent of governed. Rep've or indirect democracy
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interest group
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groups that influence public policy
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exclusionary rule
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police can't use illegally obtained evidence in a trial
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enumerated powers
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taxation, coinage, commerce, national defense. powers to congress
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patron
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person who finances a group or activity
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collective good
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value that can't be taken from a group's non-member
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equal rights amendment
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am to bar discrimination against women by fed/state gov
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indirect democracy (representative)
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govt give people chance to vote for people who will work on their behalf
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cooperative federalism
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relationship between national and state govt that began with the New Deal
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due process clause
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fifth, fourteenth amend. protection from economic liberty to criminal procedure to arbritrary govt action
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strict scrutiny
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heightened standard of review by supreme court to determine validity of a challenged practice
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personal liberty
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demands for freedom to engage in a variety of practices free from govt discrim'n. initially meant freedom from govt interference
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new federalism
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fed/state relationship by Reagan in 80s. returned administrative power to state govts
