General Science Test Questions – Flashcards
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Terre-Neuve
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Saint-Jean
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Law of Inertia (Newton's 1st Law)
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An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force OR an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force
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Real Life examples of Inertia
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*dishes on a tablecloth *billiards *car braking
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Action - Reaction (Newton's 3rd Law)
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for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
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Examples of action - reaction
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*space shuttle *gun firing *bike or car tire goes one way, car goes in the oppostie direction
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Force
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any push or pull (examples: gravity and friction)
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Pressure
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force acting on a given area; more force = more pressure
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What causes earthquakes?
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pressure being released inside the earth
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How does an earthquake happen?
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pressure is built up as a result of forces on rocks underground
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Elastic limit
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the amount of pressure an object can withstans and still return to its original shape (think of a rubberband) If the elastic limit is passed, it breaks, sending vibrations through the earth = earthquake occurs
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Fault
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A fracture in the earth where rock movement occursfound at the surface as well as deep below the surface
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Normal Fault
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Tension causes it.....means the rocks are pulling apart (know drawing in notes)...movement is up/down
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Reverse Fault
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(reverse of a normal fault) Compression causes it....rocks are push or "press" together..movement is up/down
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Strike-slip Fault
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Shearing of the rock (like scissors). The rocks slide past each other...no up/down. movement is side to side
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Compression wave
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matter is squeezed together; think of an accordian
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Transverse wave
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matter that moves at right angles to the direction the wave is moving; think of a heart monitor or seismograph
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seismic waves
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waves generated by earthquakes
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focus of earthquake
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point inside the earth where seismic waves start
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primary seismic waves
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compression waves; travel faster and arrive first
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secondary seismic waves
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(aftershocks); transverse waves; travel slower and arrive second; do more damage
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epicenter
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point on the earth's SURFACE directly above the focus
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surface waves
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waves generated when seismic waves reach the surface;move slower than primary and secondary waves;cause the greatest damage (like ripples on water)
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What happens when lava cools?
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cools around th event, creating different shapes
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Calm Eruption
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thin magma, lamost water-like; magma is released gently out of a vent; oozes
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violent eruption
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very thick magma; magma clogs the vent creating a buildup of pressure; sudden release of magma
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shield volcano
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gentle slope; formed from hot, thin lava; no violent eruptions; lava erupts out of more than one vent
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cinder cone volacno
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ash and cooled lava form a steep cone, lava from one vent, violent eruption
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Composite Cone volcano
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steep-sided towering mountains; alternating gentle and eviolent eruptions, formed from hardened lava, flowing lava, and ash
