basics – Flashcard
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Zemes gelmiu siluma naudoja
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geotermines elektrines
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Functions of the nervous system
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Sensory: detects change tot he internal and external environment (ex: you see a red light) Integration: processes sensory input (ex: red light means stop) Motor: causes a response, activates muscles and glands (ex: muscle moves foot to the brake)
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Composed of the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Composed of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord
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Somatic Nervous System
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Under conscious control (ex: skeletal muscles)
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Under unconscious control (ex: smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, glands)
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Prepares the body for activity (ex: "fight or flight")
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Oversees digestion and gland function (ex: "rest and digest")
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Astrocytes (neuroglia)
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Provide support, regulate nutrients from capillaries, "clean up" excess neurotransmitters and ions. The nervous system's version of scar tissue.
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Microglia (neuroglia)
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Phagocytize bacteria cells and dead neurons.
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Ependyma (neuroglia)
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Lines cavities of the brain and spinal cord, forms a semipermeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid and brain.
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Obgodendrocytes (neuroglia)
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Provide support to axons and produce Myelin sheath.
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Neurons
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Conduct impulses
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Dendrites
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Receive stimuli
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Axon
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Transmits nerve impulses from the cell body
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Myelin sheath
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Increases the speed of impulse transmission
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Node of Ranvier
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Gaps in the Myelin sheath
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Multipolar
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Have 3 or more processes
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Bipolar
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Have 2 processes
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Unipolar
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Have 1 process that divides into 2 branches
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Sensory neuron
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Conducts impulses from receptors to CNS
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Motor neuron
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Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands)
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Interneuron
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Found primarily in CNS, links sensory and motor neurons
