voabulary words – Flashcards
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Shape, color, texture, size (including mass, weight, volume and density) are all __________ of matter
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properties
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a scientist who studies the forces that make and shape earth
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Geologist
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the study of the planet earth
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geology
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a vibration that travels through earth carring the energy released during an earthquake
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seismic wave
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the layer of hot solid material between earths crust and core
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mantle
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the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats
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asthenoshere
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a ridgid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust
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lithosphere
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the most amount of mass in a space given
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density
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the name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave us the continents we have today
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pangaea
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a plae where new ocean floor forms as a result of volcanic eruptions and molten lava moving up through rifts
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mid-ocean ridge
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a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart
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rift valley
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a long, narrow steep-sided depressiion in the ocean floor where one crustal plate is forced beneath another
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trench
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a divice that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves
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sonar
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the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back intothe mantle at a convergent plate doundaries
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subduction
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the theory that pieces of earth.s lithosphere are in contant motion
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plate tectonics
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a break im earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other
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fault
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the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
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epicenter
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a divice that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through earth
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seismograph
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a scale that rates seismic waves as measured b a particular type of seismograph
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Richer scale
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a larger wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor
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tsunamis
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melted rock deep within the earth
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magma
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magma that emerges on the surface of the earth
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lava
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a major belt of volcanos that rims the pacific ocean
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ring of fire
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a bowl shaped area that forms around a volcanos central opening
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crater
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a hot, fast moving type of lava that hardens to form a smooth ,ropelike coils
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pahoehoe
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a slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunts
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aa
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volcano that does not show sighs of erupting in the near future
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dormat
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volcano that is unlikly to erupt again
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extinct
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a fountain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals
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geyser
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energy from water and steam that has been heated by magma
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geothermal energy
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not formed from living things or the remains of living things
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inorganic
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a naturally occuring, inorgani solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
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mineral
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a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again
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cystal
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a substance composed of a single kind of atom
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element
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substance in which two or more elements are chemically joined
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compound
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a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest
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mohs hardress scale
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rock that cntains a metal or economicall useful mineral
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ore
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the observation or study by close examination and systematic inquire
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investigation
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steps tooken to solve a problem in science
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scientific method
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prediction or statement that can be tested
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hypothisis
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factor that is changed in an experiment in order to study changes in the dependant variable: also called the manipulated variable
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independent variable
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fsctor that is being measured in an experiment(the results) also called the responding variable
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dependent variable
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factors that stay the same during the experiment;also called controlled variable
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constant
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sample that is treated like the other experiment groups exsept the inependant(manipulated) variable is not applied
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control
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an experiment in which only one variable is manipulated
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controlled experiment
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the test of a hypothesis under cotrolled conditions
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experiment
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a cumulative body of observation
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empirical evidence
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tentative schemes or structures that correspond to real objects, events or classes of events, and have explanotory power
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scientific modle
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a well tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results
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theory
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a statement hat describes what scientist expect to hapen every time under a particular set of conditions
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law
