question

NOT a verb

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"not" is

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when the movement of an object is in a straight line, whether or not acceleration is constant

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Straight line motion

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continuous acceleration aka centripetal acceleration

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Circular motion

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curved path an object takes. initially goes straight but as gravity comes into play the object will curve towards the ground.

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projectile motion

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when an object has constraints on its motion it moves back and forth, such as a pendulum

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periodic motion

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an object at rest or in motion will remain at rest or in motion until acted upon by an outside force. part 2 states that an object moving at a particular velocity will continue at that speed until acted upon by an outside force.

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Newton's Laws of Motion #1

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the acceleration of an object depends on the mass and amount of force applied.

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Newton's Laws of Motion #2

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gravitiational force on an object

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Weight

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amount of matter an object is composed of

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mass

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action caused by force acting upon an object

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work

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ability to do work

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energy

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rate at which work is completed

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power

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is the opposing force between 2 surfaces. this causes objects in motion to slow down

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friction

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applying force to loads; simple machine

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lever

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requires smaller force; simple machine

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inclined place

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output force in greater than input force; simple machine

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wedge

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screw, wheel and axle and pulley

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simple machine examples

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force that rotates things such as a wrench

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torque

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is defined as the mass of an object times its velocity. it is the tendency of an object moving in a certain direction to keep going at the same speed in the same direction

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Linear Momentum

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no net external force acting on a system of particles, total momentum of the system is force acting on system of particles the total momentum of the system is conserved basically no matter the nature of interaction its total momentum will remain same

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conservation of momentum

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the amount of energy remains constant and energy is neither created nor destroyed

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conservation of energy

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objects moving around a fixing point, the smaller the circle the faster the spin. torque is the turning or rotating of an object, this theory works for it as well

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angular momentum

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attraction of 2 objects based on their masses. all matter has this, more the matter the greater pull

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gravity

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a change in the pressure in a closed fluid will be equally distributed to all parts of the fluid. this applies to hydraulics.

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Pascal's principle for fluids

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Buoyancy The buoyant force of an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid it displaces an object will sink if it weighs more than the water it displaces, it will float if it weighs less than the water it displaces

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Archimedes' principle

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as the speed of fluid increases, its pressure decreases this principle allows for airplanes to achieve lift

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Bernoulli principle for fluids

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has a high percentage of water vapor

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Why is air considered a fluid?

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same charges repel; magnets. ex. + and + or - and -

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Repulsion of electric charges

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different charges attract; magnets. + and -

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Attraction of electric charges

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the opposition to the flow of electric charges

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Resistance

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the law that states the relationship between current voltage and resistance

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Ohm's Law

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the difference between electric potential and actual usage

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Electromotive Force

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the difference in an electrical charge as it moves from one point to another

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Potential difference

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the number of electrons a compositor can hold

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Capacitance

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continuous flow of charge through a circuit caused

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Current

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voltage is constant while the "current drop" across each parallel leg differs, due to the load of that leg

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Ohm's Law Parallel Circuits

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V/R = V/R1 + V/R2 + V/R3 V = VOLTAGE R = RESISTANCE

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Current Formula

question

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

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Resistance Formula

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R = Resistance V = Voltage I = Current V = I x R I = V/R R = V/I

answer

Ohm's Law of Series Circuit

question

all parts are connected in a single loop in a closed circuit. when one item is removed from the circuit the entire circuit fails to work.

answer

Series Circuit

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different branches connect back to the energy source. items wired in a parallel circuit are not dependent of the other loads in the circuit.

answer

Parallel Circuit

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a material through which electricity flows easily

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Conductor

question

a material that does not allow electricity to pass through

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insulator

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typically from batteries and applies a straight flow of current only in one direction from the source of energy. *Limited in nature (such as a battery)

answer

direct current (DC)

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current that we have in our homes. current flows or alternates in directional force. *can usually supply an endless supply

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alternating current (AC)

question

come in 2 forms, wet cells and dry cells, but utilize chemicals to create and maintain a charge

answer

batteries

question

contain silicon atoms as light shines on the cells, electrons are ejected and sent along the wire connected to the cell. this will occur as long as light shines on the cell

answer

photo cells

question

converts kinetic energy into usable electrical energy, typically with a motor (electromagnetic source

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generators

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have north and south poles,opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other

answer

Magnets

question

are created surrounding electric currents

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Magnetic fields

question

can be create electricity such as in a generator

answer

Magnetic forces

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transformers use by electrical plants that increase the voltage but lower amps to allow for electricity to travel over great distances to end consumers

answer

Step-Up Transformers

question

these transformers lower the amount of voltage but increase the amps coming into a home so that it is in a usable form. typically the transformers on poles behind your houses would be a step down

answer

Step-Down Transformers

question

changes electrical energy into kinetic energy

answer

motors

question

the height of the wave from it's rest position, effects the loudness of a sound wave

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amplitude

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the wavelength x frequency of a wave

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wave speed

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the distance from 2 crests troughs or other chosen spot on waves

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wavelength

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the amount of waves in a given period of time effects the pitch of a sound wave

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frequency

question

do not require a medium, travel perpendicular to the source of their energy, highest part is the crest and the lowest part is th trough

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transverse waves

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need a medium to travel, travel like slinky, area of compactions called a compression and the area of the wave which is stretched apart is called the rarefaction

answer

longitudinal waves

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the bouncing back of a wave off of a smooth surface can be any type of wave in light an example would be seeing yourself in a mirror

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reflection

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the bending of a wave as it travels from one medium to another

answer

refraction

question

the spreading out of a wave over a broad area

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dispersion

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when particles through which the wave travels absord some of the energy of the wave

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absorption

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passing of light through matter

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transmission

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the release of energy that has been absorbed by particles as a wave has passed

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scattering

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2 or more waves interact without changing their amplitude

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superposition

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when waves bend around or through a barrier. this is the reason we can hear around corners

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diffraction

question

when 2 or more waves interact with one another.

answer

interference

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the crests of 2 waves combined to amplify the constructive interference the crests of 2 waves combined to amplify the wave. when the crest of one and the trough of another wave overlap, destructive interference occurs and lowers the amplitude

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constructive interference

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when the wave speeds increase the pitch of a sound wave gets higher. also utilized by weather forecasters to determine the direction of storms

answer

Doppler Effect

question

a vehicle with a siren comes towards a person the waves are getting to the person increasingly faster. this causes a higher pitch to be heard. once the vehicle has passed & the waves are reaching the person at a slower rate the pitch of the sound lowers

answer

Doppler Effect Examples

question

these light waves only travel in one specific direction, they are great for sunglasses as they can allow you to see fish and other items in the water that would normally be reflected or refracted away from your eye sight

answer

Polarization

question

the frequency of a wave the higher the higher the pitch

answer

pitch

question

the amount of amplitude the higher the amplitude the louder the sound

answer

loudness

question

combination of the frequency and wavelength of a wave

answer

speed

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long wavelengths carry radio and television information for entertainment

answer

radio waves

question

radio waves with the shortest wavelengths, used in microwave ovens and to transmit cellular telephone messages

answer

microwaves

question

provides heat energy such as that in you toaster

answer

infrared waves

question

the part of the spectrum that you can see

answer

visible light waves

question

too short to see, but help to produce vitamin D, can cause cancer

answer

ultraviolet waves

question

pass through the body and are adsorbed by dense tissues will leave an image on the film to determine bone breaks etc.

answer

x-rays

question

used to diagnose and treat cancer

answer

gamma rays

question

radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light (ROYGBIV) ultra violet, x rays, gamma rays

answer

Electromagnetic Specturm (Longers wave to shortest/lowest frequency to highest)

question

the similarity between the properties of chemical elements that are grouped together on the periodic table families in columns across the table and periods going down the rows left side contains metals far right are the gasses organized by atomic weight

answer

periodicity

question

Group (Columns) 1 H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

answer

Alkali Metals

question

Group 2 Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

answer

Alkali Earth Metals

question

Group 3 Largest group starts with Sc to Cu and down

answer

Group 12 Transition Elements

question

Group 13 B, Al, Ga, In, Tl

answer

Boron Family

question

Group 14 C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb

answer

Carbon Family

question

Group 15 N, P, As, Sb, Bi

answer

Nitrogen Family

question

Group 16 O, S, Se, Te, Po

answer

Oxygen Family

question

Most reactive non metals Group 17 H, F, Cl, Br, I, At

answer

Halogens

question

Group 18 He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

answer

Noble Gases

question

weight of an element 1 mole = the atomic weight of an element

answer

Mole

question

positive ion is listed first

answer

Systematic nomenclature of inorganic compounds

question

positive ion

answer

cation

question

1) a base indication the ring of carbon atoms found in the molecular structure 2) a suffix designating other groups that may be present in the compound 3) names of substituent groups other than hydrogen that complete the molecular structure

answer

nomenclature of simple organic compounds

question

bond between 2 oppositely charged ions

answer

ionic bonds

question

bond between the shared electrons of an atom and the nuclei of the atoms

answer

covalent bound

question

attraction between positive charged metal ion and electrons in a metal

answer

metallic bonds

question

the bonding of 2 atoms

answer

chemical bond

question

water formation, positive ions attracted to other molecules

answer

hydrogen bond

question

show the valence electrons of an atom and are useful in demonstrating how bonding might transpire in atoms

answer

Electron dot and structural formulas

question

matter's composed of molecules of atoms the space that the molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the molecules & not the space the molecules contain themselves molecules are in constant motion

answer

Molecular Theory States

question

gas to liquid

answer

condensation

question

liquid to a solid

answer

freezing

question

liquid into gas at less than a boiling point

answer

evaporation

question

solid to a liquid

answer

melting

question

liquid to gas at boiling point

answer

vaporization

question

solid straight to a gas

answer

sublimation

question

as temp increases, the volume of gas will increase and vice versa

answer

temperature of a gas

question

as pressure increases volume decreases

answer

pressure of a gas

question

the # of molecules remains the same

answer

number of molecules of a gas

question

when one or more substance changes to produce a different substance. Cles to this can be formation of gas, sold formation, color change, energy change and smell. Ex: Enzymes breaking down food, rusting

answer

Chemical Reactions

question

energy that is released or removed from the chemical reaction

answer

Exothermic

question

that energy is absorbed during the reaction

answer

Endothermic

question

increases as the reaction does

answer

Temperature

question

as this increases there is more reactant and the rate of reactions increases

answer

concentration

question

this more exposed area, this increases the rate of reaction

answer

surface area

question

substance that speeds up the reactions

answer

catalysis

question

a substance that stops the chemical reactions

answer

inhibitor

question

use of chemicals to create electricity such as in wet and dry cell batteries

answer

reasons for electrochemistry

question

a mixture of 2 or more substances, can be a solid such as steel, liquid, such as soft drinks or even gas. air can also be this. Mix of solvent and solute

answer

solution

question

the lesser of the substance (is being added to the solvent)what is being dissolved

answer

solute

question

dissolving the solute, greater of the two in a solution, water and alcohols are some examples

answer

solvent

question

measure of the amount of solute is a solvent solute/solvent

answer

concentration

question

particles are through the liquid but settle when left alone over time, the particles are large

answer

suspension

question

dispersed through but not heavy enough particles to settle out, particles can be seen

answer

colloids

question

water, inorganic and organic solvents, including oxygenated (alcohols and ketones) hydrocabron solvents (aliphates and aromatics) and chlorianted solvents

answer

solvents can be...

question

the amount of solute needed to saturate a solution

answer

solubility

question

solute, heating, mixing and crushing the substance

answer

3 ways to speed up solubility of a solute

question

as temperature rises, it lowers the ability to hold the solute and so it decreases. you will need to lower the temperature to increase this

answer

solubility in gas

question

raise the temperature to raise solubility

answer

solubility in liquid

question

increase the number of hydrogen ions (H+) tastes sour and can change color, there are corrosive, turns blue litmus paper red.

answer

acids

question

increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH-) tastes bitter, feel s slippery and can change colors turns red litmus paper blue

answer

bases

question

1. hydrochloric acid 2. lemon juice 3. soft drinks 4. tomatoes 5. black coffee 6. milk 7. (neutral) human saliva/tap water 8. sea water 9. baking soda 10. milk of magnesia 11. detergents 12. ammonia 13. oven cleaner

answer

Ph level Acid (Ph 1)to Base (Ph 13)

question

have a positive electrical charge and replace hydrogen ions with metallic ions, in other words a positive ion from a base and a negative ion of an acid combine

answer

salts

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