question

sinus or antrum

answer

chamber with a bone, normally filled with air

question

Function of the fasiculus proprious tract

answer

Coordination for spinal reflexes

question

Fine movement proprioceptive fibers from the pectoral girdle and upper extremity enter the cervical cord and ascend to synapse in the M.O.'s ___?

answer

Accessory cuneate nucleus

question

Which 2 tracts deal with heart, BP and respiratory rates and rythms? They also do what?

answer

Medial and lateral reticulospinal tracts. Alternate pathway is corticospinal tracts are damaged

question

Fiber diameter of corticospinals

answer

2-25 microns

question

What tract assumes corticospinal function if they are damaged?

answer

Rubrospinal and reticulospinal

question

Dorsal lateral tract of lissauer is located where?

answer

Between lamina 1 and posterior lateral sulcus

question

CNs that enter the spinotrigeminal tract?

answer

5, 7, 9, 10

question

Input from nucelus gracilis and cuneatus enters the medial lemniscus via what?

answer

Internal arcuate fibers

question

Where does the anterior corticospinal tract terminate? do they cross?

answer

Mid thoracic level and yes, they do cross

question

Corticospinal fibers decrease as the descend. ___ cervical ___thoracic ____ lumbosacral

answer

55%, 20%, 25%

question

The lateral corticospinal tract contains ___ to ___ % of total corticospinal fibers?

answer

85-95%

question

Where do lateral corticospinal fibers cross over? Why do they cross?

answer

Pyramids of the medulla oblongata and we don<t know

question

What tract has the longest, uniterupted axon in the body?

answer

Corticospinal

question

Anterior corticopsinal tract has only ___ to ___% of total corticospinal fibers?

answer

5-15%

question

Which lamina do most of the corticospinal tracts synapse with? From here, they like to go to lamina ___? Then they go out to do their buisness.

answer

7, 9

question

Function of gracilis and cuneatus tracts?

answer

1. Discrimatory (2 point) touch 2. Vibratory sensation 3. Kinesthetic senstion

question

Spinothalamic tract : does the DRG enter the tract directly?

answer

No, it synapses first in the gray matter then it enters the tract

question

Spinothalamic tract : Pain and thermal receptors cross over ___ and light touch crosses over ___

answer

1. Immediatly 2. Gradually

question

Spinothalamis tract neuron #2 ascends to what?

answer

Thalamus

question

Spinothalamic tract neuro #3 goes to what?

answer

Post central gyrus

question

The spinothalamis tract is found at what cord levels?

answer

All

question

What does the spinothalamis tract do as it ascends?

answer

It enlarges

question

First fibers to be myelinated in the fetus?

answer

Fasiculus proprius

question

Where is the earliest spontaneous movement are integrated here

answer

Fasiculus proprius

question

What is the function of the spinothalamis tract? Lateral portion? Anterior portion?

answer

1. Pain and thermal 2. Light touch (Lewellen's musquitto)

question

Where is the origin of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

answer

Lumbosacral cord grey lamina

question

Anterior spinocerebella tract crosses over ___ and again as they enter the ____.

answer

1. Immediately 2. Cerebellum

question

Anterior spinocerebellar terminates in the ___ via the ____

answer

Cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle

question

Which tract is the only one that double crosses?

answer

Anterior spinocerebellar

question

Where does the anterior spinocerebellar terminate?

answer

Cerebellum

question

Function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

answer

Sends info to the cerebellum regarding gross movements of lower body parts...of what is about to happen

question

Tract that caries fibers up to Clark<s column from the lower extremity?

answer

Gracilis

question

Fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar tract originate from ___

answer

Clark's column : C8-L3

question

Clark's colum is found from ____ Posterior spinocerebellar tract does not go below ___.

answer

C8-L3 L3

question

Only about ___% of neurons of the corticopsinal tract terminates directly in lamina 9. What are these called?

answer

3% Betz cells

question

These neurons initiate skilled voluntary movement

answer

Pyramidal neurons

question

These neurons ensure that our movements are smooth and effective

answer

Extrapyramidal neurons

question

Tract functioning in chewing, swallowing, moving the eyes together, and maintains equilibrium

answer

Medial longitudinal fasiculus

question

Describe the spinal trigeminal tract

answer

1. Pain and heat enter through the CNs to spintrigeminal tract 2. Fibers then synaspe with spinotrigeminal nuclei 3. Fibers then ascend up the ventral trigeminothalmic tract up to the thalamus

question

85-95% of the 2 million corticopsinal nerve fibers enter the ___

answer

Lateral corticospinal tract

question

The tectospinal tract originates where?

answer

Superior colliculus of midbrain tectum

question

Does the tectospinal tract cross as it descends?

answer

Yes

question

Is the tectospinal tract pyramidal or extrapyramidal?

answer

Extrapyramidal

question

Function of the tectospinal fibers?

answer

1. POstural reflex enhancement dealing with sight and auditory stimuli 2. It makes adjustements to the trapezius and SCM to move the head

question

The mdeial lemniscus accepts input from the ____ of the gracilis and cuneatus tracts via what? It terminates in the what?

answer

1. Oposit side 2. internal arcuate fibers 3. Thalamus

question

From what 2 tracts does the medial lemniscus accept input?

answer

Oposite side of gracilis and cuneatus

question

Spinal trigeminal nucleus receives ___ and ___ reception from the face via which nerves?

answer

1. Thermal 2. Pain 3. 5,7,9,10

question

Origin of rubrospinal tract? Do fibers cross as they descend?

answer

1.Red nucleus of midbrain 2. Yes

question

What ais the name of the corticopsinal fibers that synapse with lamina 9?

answer

Betz cells

question

How far down the cord does the vestibulospinal tract run?

answer

All the way down

question

What nucelus does cuneocerebellar tract synapse with? Where is it located?

answer

Accessory cuneate nucelus in the MO

question

Function of the lateral corticospinals?

answer

Initiates precise skilled motor function especially with distal extremities

question

Function of the anterior corticospinals?

answer

Unclear: influences neck and shoulder muscles

question

Vestibulospinal tract originates in vestibular nucleous in ___? do fibers cross?

answer

1. MO 2. No

question

Tract responsible for the fine proprioceptive movements of pectoral girdle?

answer

Cuneocerebellar tract

question

Tract responsible for fine proproceptive movements from what just happened in muscles themselves.

answer

Posterior spinocerebeallar

question

Tracts responsible for two point touch, vibratory sensations and kinesthetic input

answer

Gracilis and cuneatus

question

Tract dealing with pain and thermal senstions and light touch

answer

Spinothalamic tract

question

DRG enter the cord and ascend via the gracilis tract in the ___ part of the body. Cuneatus enters above ____? Do they cross over when DRG enters tracts?

answer

1. Lower 2. T6 3. No

question

Gracilis and cuneatus fibers fuse superior to their respective nuclei called the what?

answer

Medial Lemniscus

question

Function of the rubrospinal tract

answer

Muscle tone for contralateral hand and foot musculature

question

Where do fibers from the posterior spinocerebellar tract terminate?

answer

Cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncles

question

Gracilis and cuneatus terminate in the ___ in the ___ and the ___ respectively

answer

1.MO 2. Nucelus gracilis 3. Nucleus Cuneatus

question

5 results of lower motor lesions

answer

1. Hyperflexia 2. Hypotonia 3. Lack of movement 4. Atrophy of muscles 5. Flacid paralysis

question

Tract responsible for gross movement of lower body and what is about to happen?

answer

Anterior spinocerebellar tract

question

4 results in upper motor neurons

answer

1. Hypersensitivity 2. Spastic movements 3. Babinbsky 4. Voluntary Paralysis

question

Neurons that originates in spinal cord or brainstem and the extend to the PNS

answer

Lower motor neurons

question

If you have an upper motor lesion what will happen?

answer

Lower moton neurons wiull not be able to be influenced by the UMNs. This will result in uncoordinated movements such as in cerebral palsy

question

What happens during a lower motor neuron lesion?

answer

Little impulse will ever reach the muscle (lack of movement) such as in Polio

question

Function of the spinotrigeminal tract?

answer

Sensation of pain and thermal from the face

question

Fibers of the tectospinal tract terminate where?

answer

Upper 4 cervical cord level

question

Gracilis and cuneatus: After they reach their nuclei, they ascend via the ___? Do they cross over after their nuclei? Where does the second neuron ascend to? Is their a third neuron? Where does it ascend to?

answer

1.Medial Lemniscus 2. Yes 3. Thalamus 4. Yes, post central gyrus

question

Do fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar cross over?

answer

No, they are ispsilateral

question

Function of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

answer

Fine proprioceptive input on what just happened in the muscle

question

Proprioceptive fibers dealing with fine movement of the lower extremities may enter the cord below clark's column. What tract carries them up to synapse with clark?

answer

gracilis

question

Function of the vestibulospinal tract

answer

Maintains proper orientation when falling. Postural adjustements of ipsilateral extensor muscles... falling on ice

question

Fibers that leave the acessory cuneate nucleus form the ___? They ascend to the ___ through the ___ same as the ___?

answer

1. Cuneocerebellar tract 2. Cerebellum 3. Inferior cerebellar 4. Posterior spinocerebellar tract

question

The anterior and lateral corticospinal tacts are motor fibers originating in the ___ downward.

answer

Motor cortex

question

Lesions of the spinothalamic tracts can lead to what?

answer

1. Analgesia 2. Thermoanesthesia

question

Rubrospinal tract reaches ___ cord levels. What does it influence?

answer

1. All cord levels 2. Contralateral hand and foot musculature

question

Spinotrigeminal nuclei extends from the ___ through the ___ down to the ____ cord level

answer

1. Pons 2. MO 3. C1-C4

question

Tracts that are Ispilateral (6)

answer

1. Gracilis 2. Cuneatus 3. Posterior spinocerebellar 4. Vestibulospinal 5. Medial Reticulospinal 6. Lateral Reticulospinal

question

Tract that are contralateral (6)

answer

1. Spinothalamic 2. Anterior spniocerebellar 3. Anterior corticospinal 4. Lateral Corticospinal 5. Tectospinal 6. Rubrospinal

question

Cord level of gracilis

answer

All

question

Cord level of cuneatus

answer

T5 or T6 and up

question

Cord level of spinothalamic

answer

All

question

Cord level of anterior spinocerebellar

answer

All

question

Cord level of posterior spinocerebellar

answer

C8 to L3

question

Cord level of cuneocerebellar

answer

C8 and up

question

Cord level of anterior coticospinal

answer

Terminates by T6

question

Cord level of lateral corticospinal

answer

All

question

Cord level of Tectospinal

answer

Terminates in upper 4 cervical levels

question

Cord level of rubrospinal

answer

All

question

Cord level of Vestibulospinal

answer

All

question

Cord level of medial reticulospinal

answer

All

question

Cord level of lateral reticulospinal

answer

All

question

Cord level of fasiculus proprius

answer

All

question

Cord level of the Dorsolateral tract of lissauer

answer

All

question

Which tract may or may not cross over?

answer

Fasiculus proprius

question

Gracilis stops picking up infor around ___

answer

T6

question

___ brings info from the lower limbs

answer

Gracilis

question

___ brings info from the upper limbs

answer

Cuneatus

question

The double crosser!

answer

Anterior spinocerebellar

question

Do for upper limb what clark's nucleus and posterior spinocerebellar do for lower limbs

answer

Cuneocerebellar

question

Carries most of corticospinal fibers

answer

Lateral

question

Influences trap and SCM

answer

Tectospinal

question

If corticopsinals are damaged, it helps out

answer

Rubrospinal and medial + lateral reticulospinal

question

Maintains orientation in falling

answer

Vestibulospinal

question

Spinospinal fibers

answer

Fasiculus proprius

question

Synapses in rexed lamina 2

answer

Dorsolateral tract of lissauer

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