Chapter 10 Medical Terminology – Flashcards
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Ambul/o-
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to walk
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cephal/o
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head
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concuss/o
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shaken together; violently agitated
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contus/o
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bruise
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ech/o-
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sound
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encephal/o
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brain
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-esthesia
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sensation, feeling
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klept/o-
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to steal
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mening/o
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membranes, meninges
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myel/o
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spinal chord, bone marrow
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narc/o-
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Sleep, numbness, stupor
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neur/i, neur/o-
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nerve, nerve tissue
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-phobia
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fear
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psych/o
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mind
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somn/o-
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sleep
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acrophobia
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fear of heights
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alzheimers disease
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an irreversible, progressive brain disorder, characterized by the deterioration of memory, language, and eventually, physical functioning
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amnesia
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memory disturbance characterized by total or partial inability to remember the past
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amobarbital
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barbiturate used as sedative and hypnotic
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
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analgesic
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painkiller
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anesthesia
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absence of normal sensation; induced by anasthetic
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anesthesiologist
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physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents for surgery
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anesthetic
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medication used to induce anesthesia
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anesthetist
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a medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia, but is not a physician
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anxiety state
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a feeling of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness that stems from the anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized
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aphasia
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loss of ability to speak, write and or comprehend
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autistic
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a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interests
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barbiturate
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drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
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Bell's Palsy
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temporal paralysis of 7th cranial nerve that causes drooping
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catatonic
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marked by a lack of responsiveness, stupor and tendency to remain in one position
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cerebral
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pertaining to cerebral or brain
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cerebral palsy
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A loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
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cerebrovascular accident
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damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted; also known as a stroke
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claustrophobia
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fear of tight spaces
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cognition
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mental activity associated with thinking, learning and memory
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comatose
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in a coma; extremely sleepy
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concussion
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violent shaking up of brain that results in temporary loss of awareness and function
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contusion
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bruise
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cranial hematoma
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collection of blood trapped in tissues of brain
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craniocele
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Herniation through the cranium.
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delirium
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Abnormal mental state characterized by disorientation, inattention, confusion usually related to a metabolic condition
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delirium tremors
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a condition that can produce fighting hallucinations and and body tremors
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delusions
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false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof
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dementia
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Impairment of mental functioning and global cognitive abilities in otherwise alert individuals, causing memory loss and related symptoms and typically having a progressive nature
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dyslexia
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word blindness; learning disorder marked by impairment of the ability to read
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echoence phalography
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use of ultrasound imaging to diagnose a shift in midline structures of brain
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electroconvulsive therapy
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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
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electroencephalography
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process of recording electrical activity of brain through use of electrodes attached to scalp
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empathy
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Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives
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encephalitis
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inflammation of brain
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encephalography
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radiography of the brain
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epidural anesthesia
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regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine
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grand mal epilepsy
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More severe form, characterized by generalized tonic-clonic seizures
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Guillain-Barré syndrome
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disorder in which a person's own immune system damages their nerve cells, causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis.
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hallucination
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sensory perception experienced in absence of external stimulation
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hemorrhagic
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Brain bleed
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hydrocephalus
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accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
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hyperesthesia
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increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain
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hypochondriasis
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A somatoform disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses.
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kleptomania
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a continual urge to steal regardless of economic motive
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malingering
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Deliberate faking of a physical or psychological disorder motivated by gain.
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meningitis
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Inflammation of meninges
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meningocele
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protrusion of the meninges
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migraine headache
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a headache characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head
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multiple sclerosis
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Progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation resulting in scattered patches of demyelinated nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord.
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munchausen syndrome
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is a psychiatric disorder that causes an individual to self-inflict injury or illness or to fabricate symptoms of physical or mental illness, in order to receive medical care or hospitalization
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myelitis
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inflammation of spinal chord/ bone marrow
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myelography
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Radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture.
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myelosis
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tumor of spinal chord
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narcissistic
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having to do with extreme self-adoration and a feeling of superiority of everyone
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narcolepsy
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sleep disorder; fall asleep randomly
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neurologist
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specialist in nervous syndrome
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parasthesia
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burning or prickling sensation
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Parkinson's disease
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Chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.
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peripheral neuropathy
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Disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord.
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petit mal epilepsy
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Type of seizure disorder often seen in children. Characterized by periods of inattention, which are not subsequently remembered. Also called spells of absence.
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poliomyelitis
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a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord
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ptsd
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the development of characteristic symptoms after major traumatic event
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psychiatrist
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a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness.
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pyromania
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a disorder characterized by repeated, deliberate fire setting
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schizophrenia
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A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
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sciatica
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inflammation of sciatic nerve
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seizure
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a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time
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syncope
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fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
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tetanus
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an acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria
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thalamotomy
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surgical incision into thalamus
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tic douloureux
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Severe jabbing pain, lasts few seconds, triggered by light touch on face
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transient ischemic attack
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temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain
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neur/o
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nerve
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synapse
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term that describes the space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor
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myelin sheath
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protective covering over some nerve cells
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dendrites
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rootlike structures of a nerve that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body
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pia mater
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layer of the meninges that is located nearest the brain and spinal cord
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hypothalamus
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seven vital body functions are controlled by the
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sympathetic
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division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with body functions under stress is the .... nervous system
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plexus
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network of intersecting nerves and blood or lymphatic vessels
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peripheral
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cranial nerves are part of the .... nervous system
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frontal
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motor functions are controlled by the ... lope of the cerebrum
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efferent
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impulses are carried away from the brain and spinal cord by the .... neurons
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pons
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where nerves cross over
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cerebrum
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uppermost layer of the brain
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medulla oblongata
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most protected brain part
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cerebellum
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coordinates muscular activity
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stupor
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lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness and drowsiness
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migraine
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headache is characterized by sudden, severe, sharp headache that is usually present only on one side
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epilepsy
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group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizure
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somnambulism
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medical term for the condition commonly known as sleepwalking
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munchausen
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syndrome by proxy is a form of child abuse
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neurorrhaphy
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suture the ends of a severed nerve in his hand
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isomnia
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recurrent uncontrollable seizures of drowsiness and sleep
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phenobarbital
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control convulsions
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neuralgia
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pain in a nerve
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neuroma
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benign neoplasms made up of neurons and nerve fibers
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tremor
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involuntary trembling of the body
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NBO
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nothing by mouth
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homeostasis
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maintaining a constant interval environment of the body
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CVA
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stroke
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OA
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abbreviation of obstructive apnea
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anticonvulsant
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medication that prevents seizures and convulsion
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neuron
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basic cell of the nervous system
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apathy
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indifference and reduced level of activity
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obsession
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persistent idea that causes anxiety
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bipolar
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a manic-depressive disorder
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occipital
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lobe that controls eyesight
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agoraphobia
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overwhelming fear of leaving home
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insomnia
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prolonged abnormal inability to sleep
