Module #1 – Flashcard
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Skin
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Dermatos (Gr) Word root: dermal dermat/itis: inflammation of the skin Curtis (L) word root: butane cutane/ous: pertainging to the skin
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Word Root
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Foundation of a medical term and contains its primary meaning. All medical terms have at least one word root. Most word roots are derived from Greek or Latin language.
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Kidney
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Nephros (Gr) word root: nephr nephr/oma: tumor of the kidney Renes (L) Word root: ren ren/al: pertains to the kidney
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Mouth
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stomatos (Gr) word root: stomata stomat/itis: inflammation of the mouth oris (L) word root: or or/al: pertaining to the mouth
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Combining form
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is created when a word root is combined with a vowel
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Combining Vowel
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usually an o but sometimes it is an i. combining vowel has no meaning of its own but enables tow or more word elements to be connected. Basic foundation to which other word elements are addd to build a complete medical word
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erythr/ + o
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erythr/0 meaning red
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gastr/ + o
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gastr/o meaning stomach
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hepat/ + o
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hepat/o liver
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immun/ + o
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immun/o immune, immunity, safe
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nephr/ + o
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nephr/o kidney
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oste/ + o
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oste/o bone
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suffix
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word element placed at the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word. CHANGING THE SUFFIX CHANGES THE MEANING OF THE WORD in medical terminology a suffix usually describes a pathology (disease or abnormality), symptom, surgical or diagnostic procedure, por part of speech. Many suffixes are derived from Greek or Latin words.
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Prefix
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word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root. The prefix usually indicated a number, time, position, or negation.
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Anesthesia
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prefix + Word root+ suffix an (without, not) + esthes (feeling) + ia (condition) -condition of not feeling
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Hyperthermia
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prefix + Word root+ suffix hyper (excessive, above normal) + therm (heat) + ia (condition) -condition of excessive heat
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Intramuscular
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prefix + Word root+ suffix intra (in, within) + muscul (muscle) + ar (pertaining to) -pertaining to within the muscle
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paranasal
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prefix + Word root+ suffix para (near, beside; beyond) + nas (nose) + al (pertaining to) -pertaining to (area) near the nose
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Polyuria
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prefix + Word root+ suffix poly (many, much) + ur (urine) + ia (condition) -condition of much urine
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Prenatal
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prefix + Word root+ suffix Pre (before) + nat (birth) + al (pertaining to) -pertaining to (the period) before birth
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Three steps for defining medical words
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1. define the suffix, or last part of the word. 2. define the first part of the word (which may be a word root, combining form, or prefix) 3. define the middle parts of the word. example: gastroenteritis 1.inflammation (of) 2. stomach (and) 3. intestine
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Building medical word
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Rule #1 A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel. Rule #2 A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant. Rule #3 A combing form links one root to another root to form a compound word. This rude holds true even if the second root begins with a vowel, as in osteoarthritis.
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Inflammation of the stomach
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Element + Suffix= Medical Word gastr (stomach) + itis (inflammation) = gastritis
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Vomiting blood
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Element + Suffix= Medical Word hemat (blood) + emesis (vomiting) = hematemesis
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Inflammation of a joint
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Element + Suffix= Medical Word arthr (joint) + itis (inflammation) = arthritis
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pain in the stomach
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Element + Suffix= Medical Word gastro/o (stomach) + dynia (pain) = gastrodynia
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study of blood
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Element + Suffix= Medical Word hemat/0 (blood) + logy (study of) = hematology
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surgical puncture of a joint
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Element + Suffix= Medical Word arthr/o (joint) + centesis (surgical puncture) = arthrocentesis
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inflammation of stomach and intestine
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Combining Form + Word Root + Suffix = Medical Word gastr/o (stomach) + enter (intestine) + itis (inflammaiton) = gastroenteritis
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inflammation of bone and joint
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Combining Form + Word Root + Suffix = Medical Word oste/o (bone) arthr (joint) + itis (inflammation) = osteoarthritis
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inflammation of brain and meninges
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Combining Form + Word Root + Suffix = Medical Word encephal/o (brain) + mening (meninges + itis (inflammation) = encephalomeningitis
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-Centesis
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surgical puncture Example:arthr/o/centesis:puncture of a joint space with a needle and the withdrawal of fluid arthr/o: joint
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-Desis
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binding, fixation (of a bone or joint) example: arthr/o/desis: binding together of anoint arthr/o: joint
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-ectomy
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excision, removal example:append/ectomy: excision of the appendix append:appendix
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-lysis
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separation; destruction; loosening example: thrombi/o/lysis:destruction of a blood clot thromb/o: blood clot
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-plasty
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surgical repair example: thin/o/plasty: surgical repair of the nose ehrin/o: nose
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-stomy
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forming an opening (mouth) example: trachea/o/stoomy:forming an opening into the trachea trache/o: trachea (windpipe)
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-tomy
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incision example: trachea/o/tomy:incision (through the neck) into the trachea
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-tripsy
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crushing example: pith/o/tripsy:crusing a stone lith/o:stone, calculus
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-gram
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record, writing example: elector/o/cardi/o/gram: record of the electrical activity of the heart electr/o electricity cardi/o: heart
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-graph
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instrument for recording example: card/o/graph:instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart cardi/o:heart
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-graphy
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process of recording example: anti/o/graphy:process of recording blood vessels angi/o: vessel(usually blood or lymph)
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-meter
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instrument for measuring example: pelf/i/meter:instrument for measuring the pelvis pelv/i: pelvis
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-scope
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instrument for examing endo/scsope:instrument for examining within endo-:in,within
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-scopy
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visual examination endo/scopy:visual examiation within
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-algia
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pain neur/algia:pain of a nerve neur.nerve
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-ectasis
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dilation, expansion bronchi/ectasis: dilation or expansion of one or more bronchi
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-edema
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swelling lymph/edema: swelling and accumulaion of tissue fluid
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-emesis
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vomiting hyper/emesis:excessive vomiting
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-emia
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blood condition an/emoa:blood condition caused by a decrease in red blood cells (erythrocytes) an-: without, not
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-gen
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forming, producing, origin carcin/o/gen: forming, producing, or origin of cancer carcin/o:cancer
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-genesis
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carcin/o/gen: forming, producing, or origin of cancer carcin/o:cancer -carcinogensis is the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells
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-iasis
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abnormal condition (produced by something specified) chol/e/lith/iasis:abnormal condition of gallstones chol/e:bile,gall lith: stone, calculus
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-itis
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inflammation gastr/itis:inflammation of the stomach
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-malacia
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softening chondr/o/malacia:softening of the articular cartilage,usually involving the patella chondr/o: cartilage
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-megaly
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enlargement cardi/o/megaly: enlargment of the heart
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-oma
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tumor neur/oma: tumor composed of nerve tissue neur:nerve
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-osis
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abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells) cyan/osis: dark blue or purple discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane cyan: blue
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-pathy
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disease my/o/pathy:disease of muscle
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-penia
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decrease, deficiency erythr/o/penia:decrease in red blood cells
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-phagia
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eating, swallowing dys/phagia:inability or difficulty in swallowing dys-:bad, painful, difficult
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-phasia
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speech a/phasia:absence or impairment of speech a-without, not
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-phobia
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fear hem/o/phobia:fear of blood
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-plasia
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formation, growth dys/plasia:abnormal formation or growth of cells, tissues, or organs dys-bad painful difficult
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-plasm
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neo/plasm:new formation or growth of tissue neo-:new
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-plegia
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paralysis hemi/plegia:paralysis of one side of the body hemi-one half
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-ptosis
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prolapse, downward, displacement blephar/o/ptosis: drooping of the upper eyelid hemi-one half
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-rrhea
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discharge, flow dia/rrhea:abnormally frequent discharge or flow of fluid fecal matter from the bowel dia-through, across
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-spasm
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involuntary contraction, twitching blephar/o/spasm:twitching of the eyelid plephar/o:eyelid
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-stenosis
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narrowing, stricture arteri/o/stenosis:abnormal narrowing of an artery arteri/o:artery
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-toxic
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poison hepat/o/toxic: pertaining to an agent (poison) that damages the liver hepat/o:liver
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-trophy
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nourishment, development dys/trophy:bad nourishment dys-bad painful difficult
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-ac
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pertaining to cardi/ac pertaining to the heart card:heart
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-al
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pertaining to neur/al:pertaining to a nerve neur:nerve
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-ar
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pertaining to muscul/ar: pertaining to muscle
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-ary
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pertaining to pulmon/ary: pertaining to the lunges
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-ic
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pertaining to thorac/ic:pertaining to the study of disease path/o:disease log: study of
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-ical
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path/o/log/ical:pertaining to the study of disease path/o:disease log:study of *ical is a combo of -ic and -al
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-ior
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pertaining to poster/ior:pertaining to the back of the body poster: back of body, behind, posterior
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-ous
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pertaining to cutane/ous:pertaining to the skin cutane:skin
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-esis
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condition di/ur/esis:abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine di-double ur-urine
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-ia
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condition pneumon/ia:infection of the lung usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or diseases pneumon: air, lung
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-ism
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hyper/thyroid/ism: condition characterized by overactivity of the thyroid gland hyper: excessive, above normal thyroid: thyroid gland
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-ician
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specialist obstetr/ician: physican who specializes in the branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth obstetr:midwife
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-ist
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specialist hemat/o/log/ist: physician who specializes in the treatment of disorders of blood and blood-forming tissues. hemat/o:blood log:study of
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-y
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condition; process neur/o/pathy:condition of the nerves (related to a ) disease neur/o: nerve path: disease
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-ole
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arteri/ole: the smallest of the arteries; also called a minute artery arteri:artery
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-ule
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ven/ule: small vein continuous with a capillary ven:vein
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ATC
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Certified Athletic Trainer
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Dr.
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Doctor
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OT
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Occupational Therapy
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PM&R
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Physical medicine & rehabilitation
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pt
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patient
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PT
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Physicl Therapy or Physical Therapist
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O&P
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Orthotics & Prosthetics
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RN
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Registered nurse
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LPN
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Licensed practical nurse
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CNA or NAC
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certified nursing assistant (old); nursing assistant certified (new)
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DO
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Doctor of Osteopathy
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ARNP
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Nurse Practitioner (advanced registered nurse practitioner
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COTA
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certified Occupational Therapy Assistant
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PTA
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Physical Therapist Assistant
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O->
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Male
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O+
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Female
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ABD
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abduction
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ADD
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Adduction
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ER
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External rotation (or ext rot)
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Ext or /
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extension
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flex or i/
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flexion
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IR
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internal rotation (or int rot)
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pron
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pronation
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RD
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radial deviation
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rot
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rotation
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sup
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supination
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UD
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ulnar deviation
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Pflex or pi/
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plantarflexion
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Dflex or di/
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dorsiflexion
