question

on the growth chart, BMI >85% is considered? 95%?

answer

85 = overweight 95 = obese

question

it is normal for a baby to loose weight after birth, but at what point should they regain their birth weight?

answer

2 weeks

question

during the first 3 months of development, a child is expected to gain how much a day/month?

answer

20-30g/day or 1kg/month

question

a child doubles their birth weight by??

answer

5th month

question

at the first birthday how much should a child weight?

answer

3x their birth weight

question

in FFT, what is affected first? second? last?

answer

weight > height > head circumference

question

what are signs of FFT in a child?

answer

SMALL KID S-subcutaneous fat loss M-muscle atrophy A-alopecia L-lagging behind norms L-lethargy K-kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition) or Marasmus (nutrition deficiency) I-infection D-dermatitis

question

what is kwashiorkor ?

answer

protein deficiency in a growing child

question

what is marasmus?

answer

nutritional deficiency in a growing child

question

what are the 3 areas of developmental milestones in children?

answer

motor language social (and there is other, which is quite annoying and non-specific)

question

at what months/ages are developmental milestones measured?

answer

1 mo 2 mo 4 mo 6 mo 9 mo 12 mo 2 yr 3 yr 4yr 5 yr 6 yr

question

Development at 1 month Motor language social

answer

motor - reacts to pain language- responds to none social - regards human face, make eye contact

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 1 month old do?

answer

responds to pain if you hurt it make some noise if you do looks at you and can make eye contact

question

Development at 2 months Motor language social

answer

motor - *head up prone* and eyes follow object to midline language - coos by 3 months social - *social smile* and recognizes parent

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 2 month old do?

answer

can hold *head prone*, coo by 3 months, and can recognize parent and *smile*

question

Development at 4 months Motor language social

answer

motor - *rolls over* language - *laughs and squeals* social - *regards hands* (looks and sees hands)

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 4 month old do?

answer

can roll over, laugh and squeal, and looks at their hands

question

Development at 6 months Motor language social

answer

motor - *sits weel unsupported*, moves objects from hand to hand, *rolls prone to supine* language - *babbles* social - recognizes strangers

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 6 month old do?

answer

6abbles (babbles) *s*ix = *s*trangers *s*itting at six months

question

Development at 9 months Motor language social

answer

motor - *pincer grasp immature*, mature by 11-12 months, *crawls* and cruises (walks using furniture) language - mama/dada , bye-bye social - stranger anxiety

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 9 month old do?

answer

can crawl, therefore explore takes 9 months to become a "mama" (can say mama) pinches furniture to walk (pincer grasp and uses furniture to walk)

question

Development at 1 yr Motor language social

answer

motor - *walks with 1 hand held*, throws objects language - *knows 1-3 words*, *can follow 1-step command with gesture* social - n/a

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 1 year old do?

answer

knows 1 word at 1 year walking away from mom causes anxiety, but they can't walk fully because they need a hand to help

question

Development at 2 yr Motor language social

answer

motor - *walks up and down stairs*, copies a line, *runs, kicks ball* language - *2-3 word phrases*, 1/2 of speech is understood by strangers, *knows name* social - parallel play

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 2 year old do?

answer

knows 2 word sentences half of language can be understood by others

question

Development at 3 yr Motor language social

answer

motor - *draws circle and pedals a cycle*, can repeat 3 numbers, can build blocks language - speaks sentences, 3/4 of speech is understandable to strangers, recognizes 3 colors social - plays in group, *plays simple games*, knows gender, first and last name

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 3 year old do?

answer

tricycle, 3 cubes, 3 numbers, 3 colors, 3 kids to make a group to play, and 3/4 of speech should be understood by strangers

question

Development at 4 yr Motor language social

answer

motor - *hops on 1 foot*, identifies body parts, copies cross & square, *throws overhead* language - speech is completely understood, *can tell a story* social - plays with kids, social interaction

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 4 year old do?

answer

song "head, shoulders, knees, and toes" = 4 parts remind you that at age 4 body parts can be remembered all of speech is understood can copy square (4 edges) and cross (4 parts)

question

Development at 5 yr Motor language social

answer

motor - copies triangle, catches ball, skips, dresses self language - writes name, counts 10 objects social - n/a

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 5 year old do?

answer

can draw, catch ball, skip, dress, and can write name

question

Development at 6 yr Motor language social

answer

motor - draws a person with 6 parts, ties shoes language - identifies left and right social - n/a

question

so essentially, developmentally what can a 6 year old do?

answer

skips, ties shoes, and can draw person with 6 parts

question

what is the moro reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

seen birth - 5/6 months while supine, allow head to fall back ~3cm and the baby should have symmetric extension and adduction, then flexion of limbs

question

what is the timing of the moro reflex?

answer

birth - 5/6 moths

question

what is the startle reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

seen birth - 5/6 months startle the baby and arms and legs immediately flex

question

what is the timing of the startle reflex?

answer

birth - 5/6 months

question

what is the galant reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

seen birth -2/6 months while prone, stoke the paravetebral region of back and pelvis will move in the direction of the stimulated side

question

what is the timing of the galant reflex?

answer

birth to 2/6 months

question

what is the sucking reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

becomes voluntary at 3 months stimulate the babies' lips and the baby should suck

question

what is the timing of the sucking reflex?

answer

becomes voluntary at 3 months

question

what is the babinski reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

seen birth - 4 months stroke from toes to heel and you see fanning of toes

question

what is the timing of the babinski reflex?

answer

birth - 4 mos

question

what is the tonic neck reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

seen birth - 6/7 months while supine rotate head laterally and you will see extension of limbs on chin side and flexion of limbs on opposite side (fencing position)

question

what is the timing of the tonic neck reflex?

answer

birth - 6/7 months

question

what is the rooting reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

seen <1 month stroke finger from mouth to earlobe and head turns towards stimulus mouth opens

question

what is the timing of the rooting reflex?

answer

less prominent after 1 month

question

what is the palmar/plantar grasp reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

seen from birth - 2/3 months stimulation of palm or plantar surface of foot and there is palmar or plantar flexion

question

what is the timing of the palmar/plantar grasp reflex?

answer

birth - 2/3 months

question

what is the parachute reflex? when do you see it? what happens?

answer

papers at 9 months and lasts through life horizontal suspension and quick thrusting movement towards surface causes extension of extremities

question

at what age should children have all of their teeth, including secondary molars?

answer

2 & 1/2 years

question

what are the first teeth to erupt, and at what age?

answer

central incisors between 5-8 months

question

when do permeant teeth begin to develop?

answer

age 6-7

question

what are common causes of delayed eruption of teeth?

answer

genetic abnormalities (down syndrome) endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism)

question

at what age should children see the dentist for the first time?

answer

12 mos

question

what is the leading cause of death in children <1 year of age?

answer

perinatal condition, including: congenital malformation (#1 cause) low birth weight SIDS perinatal infection

question

from age 1-24, the leading cause of death is?

answer

INJURY

question

what are some important anticipatory guidance for 1 week - 1 month

answer

infant sleep on back with nothing in crib to prevent SIDS car seat smoke free home keep water <120F in house NO HONEY UNTIL AGE 1!

question

what are some important anticipatory guidance for 1 moths - 1 year

answer

childproof home of tubs with water, plastic bags, electrical outlet coverings, guns, knives no use of ipecac syrup avid baby walkers do not put baby to bed with bottle, will causes caries breast feed or give iron fortified formal, but no whole milk until after 1

question

at what age should solid foods begin to be introduced to children?

answer

4-6 months

question

at what age can children start drinking while milk?

answer

1 yr

question

at what age can kids have honey

answer

1 yr

question

at what age can kids start using a cup?

answer

6-9 months

question

at what age should a child be weaned from a bottle?

answer

9 months

question

what are some important anticipatory guidance for 1 year - 5 years

answer

use toddler car seat (1-4 yrs) and booster seat (4-8 years) brush teeth allow kids to eat with utensils wear bike helmet keep away from pools without proper watching

question

what are some important anticipatory guidance for 6 year - 10 years

answer

reinforce proper hygiene teach stranger safety provide healthy meals and snacks use booster until 4'9"

question

at what height can you stop using a booster seat?

answer

4'9"

question

at what age should you test lead level?

answer

12 moths

question

at what age should you test for anemia?

answer

9-12 moths (WIC requires 9 months, remainder is 12)

question

children <20 pounds should be using with type of car seat?

answer

rear facing

question

children 20-40 pounds should be using with type of car seat?

answer

forward facing car seat

question

vaccines given at: birth

answer

hep B

question

vaccines given at: 2 months

answer

hep b rota virus (LIQUID) DTaP Hib Pneumococcal Inactivated Polio

question

vaccines given at: 4 months

answer

rota virus (LIQUID) DTaP Hib Pneumococcal Inactivated Polio

question

vaccines given at: 6 months

answer

hep b (*third dose can be given from 6-18 months*) rota virus (LIQUID) DTaP Pneumococcal Inactivated Polio (*third dose can be given from 6-18 months*) *INFLUENZA* (yearly, but starting at 6 months)

question

vaccines given at: 12 months

answer

hep b (if not given at 6 mos, can go to 18 mos) Hib (12-15 mos) Pneumococcal (12-15 mos) Inactivated Polio (if not given at 6 mos, can go to 18 mos) influenza (yearly, but starting at 6 months) *first dose MMR* *first dose Varicella* *first dose Hep A*

question

vaccines given at: 15 months

answer

hep b (if not given at 6 mos, can go to 18 mos) *4th dose DTaP* (thru 18 mos) Hib (12-15 mos) Pneumococcal (12-15 mos) Inactivated Polio (if not given at 6 mos, can go to 18 mos) influenza (yearly, but starting at 6 months) MMR (12-15 mos) Varicella (12-15 mos) Hep A (12-15 mos)

question

vaccines given at: 18 months

answer

DTaP (if not given at 15 mos) 2nd Hep A dose (must be 6 months after 1st dose)

question

vaccines given at: 2 years - 3 years

answer

Hib (if not given at 12-18 months)

question

vaccines given at: 4 years - 6 years

answer

D Tap (5th) Inactivated polio (4th) MMR (2nd) Varicella (2nd)

question

at what age do you get the *T*DaP?

answer

age 11

question

vaccines given at: 11 years - 12 years

answer

Tdap HPV

question

Hep B vaccine is given at what months?

answer

birth 2 mos 6 mos 12 mos

question

at what ages is Dtap given?

answer

2, 4, 6 months and 12-18 dos

question

at what ages is Hib given?

answer

2, 4, 6 months and between 12-15 months

question

T or F, MMR is a live virus vaccine?

answer

TRUE

question

how is MMR vaccine delivered?

answer

sub-q

question

at what ages is MMR given?

answer

12-15 months and second dose 4-6 years

question

at what ages is the inactivated polio vaccine given?

answer

2 mos, 4 mos, between 6-18 months, and 4-6 years

question

at what age is varicella given?

answer

minimum 12 months between 12-18 months, and 4-6 years

question

what is the minimum age to receive the flu vaccine (seasonal)

answer

6 months

question

what infectious disease is commonly known to cause febrile seizures?

answer

roseola

question

the diagnosis of epilepsy requires ___ of more unprovoked seizures

answer

2

question

what is an absence seizure?

answer

sudden brief disconnection of activity and unresponsiveness

question

what is at tonic clonic seizure?

answer

bilateral symmetrical tonic contraction than bilateral clonic contraction

question

what is a myoclonic seizure?

answer

a sudden, brief involuntary contraction of muscles or group of muscle

question

what is an atonic seizure?

answer

sudden brief, 1-2 second decrease in tone without a breeding myoclonic or tonic event

question

in a simple partial seizure how is consciousness affected?

answer

consciousness is NOT altered

question

in a complex partial seizure how is consciousness affected?

answer

consciousness IS affected

question

what is the classic EEG finding of an absence seizure

answer

3-Hz spike and wave pattern

question

what is the most common age presentation of an absence seizures?

answer

4-12yo bc that is when kids are in school and it is noticed

question

what is the MC seizure disorder during childhood? when is the peak?

answer

MC is febrile seizures peaks 6 months - 6 years highest before age 1

question

how does a febrile seizure present?

answer

brief tonic-clonic seizure associated with a fever

question

a febrile seizure lasting >15 min is suggestive of...?

answer

organic cause such as meningitis or toxin exposure get a CSF sample

question

if a febrile seizure is brief (<15 min) what is the workup?

answer

good examination and laboratory evaluation to find cause of fever CT/EEG is not needed

question

what si the MC drug used for absence seizures?

answer

ethosuxamide

question

what si the MC common partial epilepsy?

answer

benign rolandic epilepsy

question

what are the s/s of benign rolandic epilepsy? when does it usually occur?

answer

seizure occurs during sleep with facial moment onset age 3-13 and resolves MC by age 16

question

a child with a port wine stain should make you think of ?, which is what?

answer

sturge-weber syndrome abnl development of the meningeal vasculature

question

what are common bacterial sources of meningitis in a child *< 3 months*

answer

group B strep e coli listeria

question

what are common bacterial sources of meningitis in a child *> 3 months*

answer

strep pneumonia H flu type B niserria meningitis

question

what is the term aseptic meningitis used to describe?

answer

describe syndrome of meningism and CSF leukocytosis cured by viruses and bacteria

question

wha are S/S of meningitis?

answer

fever, headache and *nuccal rigidity* photophobia, myalgia Brudzinski and Kerning sign

question

CSF--interpret the cause appearance: clear Cells : mononuclear Leukocytes : 50-75% of serum glucose

answer

NORMAL

question

CSF--interpret the cause appearance: turbid Cells : polymorphs Leukocytes : 100-1000 Protein : 100-500 Glucose : decreased

answer

bacteria

question

CSF--interpret the cause appearance: clear Cells : mononuclear Leukocytes : 50-1000 Protein : 50-200 Glucose : generally normal

answer

viral

question

CSF--interpret the cause appearance: clear Cells : mononuclear Leukocytes : >100 Protein : 25-200 Glucose : <50

answer

fungal

question

a neonate with meningitis is caused by what organism? tx?

answer

group B strep gram negative enteric bacilli listeria e coli TX with ampicillin + 3rdG cephalosporin

question

a child age 1-10 with meningitis is caused by what organism? tx for them?

answer

strep pneumonia -- TX with 3rdG cephalosporins neisseria meningitis H flu type B TX these with vancomycin until susceptibility is known

question

a child age 10-19 with meningitis is caused by what organism? tx for them?

answer

streptococcus pneumonia - TX 3rdG cephalosporin Neisseria meningitis -- Vanco until susceptibility known

question

what are the most common types of viral meningitis?

answer

ENTEROVIRUS (85%) echovirus, coxsackievirus, or non paralytic poliovirus

question

what is the classic organism for fungal meningitis?

answer

crytococcus (usually in immunocompromised pt)

question

omg im not typing sxs of Down syndrome

answer

sorry

question

down syndrome is known as?

answer

trisomy 21

question

what is a known RF for developing DS?

answer

advanced maternal age

question

what is a complication many people with down syndrome have?

answer

alzheimer's demential early on in life

question

in a baby with DS presenting with bilious vomitting look for....?

answer

duodenal atresia

question

what is the MC cardiac abnormality in a child with DS?

answer

Atrioventricular septal defect

question

diagnosis of down syndrome can be made before a baby is born and the amniocentesis will have _____ levels of AFP, ____ levels of estriol, and _____ levels of B-HCG

answer

low AFP low estriol HIGH BHcg

question

a newborn infant is born with lymphedema of the hands and feet, extra skin folds, an a short neck with widely spaced nipples and femoral pulses dx?

answer

turners sundrome

question

what is the etiology of turner's syndrome?

answer

45XO, missing 1 X chromosome

question

what is the MCC of primary amenorrhea?

answer

turner's syndrome

question

what are S/S of turner's syndrome?

answer

female short stature webbed neck lymphedema of hands and neck small mandible coarctation of aorta + bicuspid arotic valve epicanthial folds impaired dhearing ovarian dysgensis

question

what is Klinefelter syndrome etiology?

answer

47, XXY (extra X chromosome)

question

S/S of Klinefelter syndrome?

answer

hypogonadism small testes but poverty occurs at normal age azoospermia tall stature female hair distribution, gynecomastia delayed learning and motor skills

question

what is a common heart condition seen in turner's syndrome?

answer

coarctation of the aorta

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