Microbiology Chapter 14 – Flashcards
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The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means that 12.43 in every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000. 12.43/100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000. 12.43/100,000 died of tuberculosis in the United States in the year 2000. there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000. there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000.
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there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000.
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Which of the following is the most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens? the respiratory tract the eyes and skin the digestive tract the placenta the urinary tract
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the respiratory tract
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Fomites are inanimate objects that participate in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens. animal sources for human pathogens. silent carriers of infectious diseases. insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host. fecal material from infected hosts.
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inanimate objects that participate in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens.
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Acne is an example of a latent disease. noncommunicable disease. chronic disease. contagious disease. subacute disease.
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noncommunicable disease
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Which of the following microbe/disease pairs was disproven using Koch's postulates? Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy varicella-zoster virus and chickenpox HIV and AIDS hepatitis B and D and liver cancer Haemophilus influenzae and the flu
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Haemophilus influenzae and the flu
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Which of the following allow(s) bacteria to invade deeper tissues? collagenase coagulase neurotoxins lipid A streptokinase
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collagenase
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The index case is the first case of a disease transmitted to another individual in a given area or population. in a given area or population in which the patient recovers. in a given area or population resulting in patient death. identified in a given area or population. to be successfully treated in a given area or population.
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identified in a given area or population.
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Resident microbiota are found in all of the following locations in the body EXCEPT: the upper respiratory tract. the upper digestive tract. the lower digestive tract. the urinary system. the lower respiratory tract.
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the lower respiratory tract.
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Which of the following may not always be a part of an infectious disease process? the decline period the illness period the convalescence period the incubation period the prodromal period
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...
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Which of the following is a major source of disease transmission in the world? body fluid transmission waterborne transmission foodborne transmission contaminated fomites fecal-oral infection
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fecal-oral infection
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Which of the following situations might cause normal flora to become opportunistic pathogens? treatment of a cancer patient with radiation growth of microorganisms on the excreted cellular wastes and dead cells in the large intestine growth of microbes on the surface of intact skin growth of Lactobacillus on the surface of teeth presence of Entamoeba in the lumen of the sigmoid colon
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treatment of a cancer patient with radiation
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Droplet nuclei are a factor in which of the following modes of transmission? contact vehicle vector Both A and B are correct. Both B and C are correct.
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...
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Which of the following is not considered a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen? via body fluid via air via drinking water via animals via food
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via animals
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According to Koch's postulates, in order to prove that any given infectious agent causes a certain disease a scientist must satisfy all of the following requirements EXCEPT: the cultured pathogen must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy and susceptible experimental host. the same pathogen must be reisolated in the diseased experimental host. the disease is caused by a combination of infectious pathogens and environmental factors. the pathogen must be cultured and isolated from every case of the disease. the pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
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the disease is caused by a combination of infectious pathogens and environmental factors.
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Which of the following is not an example of symbiosis? bacteria in the human colon tuberculosis in the human lung microbes passing across the placenta to the fetus protozoa in termites tapeworm in the human intestine
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microbes passing across the placenta to the fetus
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All of the following are normal microbiota found in the lower digestive tract EXCEPT: Shigella. Candida. Escherichia. Proteus. Staphylococcus.
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Staphylococcus.
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Which of the following statements concerning transient microbiota is false? They can be eliminated by competition with other microbes. They remain in the body for only a short time. They are found in different locations from the resident microbiota. They are not able to resist the body's defenses. All of these are true statements.
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They are found in different locations from the resident microbiota.
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Which of the following is an example of the mucous membranes serving as a portal of entry for disease? a bite by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite the crossing of a pathogen from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta tntroduction into the body by rubbing the eye with contaminated fingers and washing into the nasal cavity by way of tears an injection with a contaminated needle digestion of the outer layer of the skin by fungi
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introduction into the body by rubbing the eye with contaminated fingers and washing into the nasal cavity by way of tears
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All of the following statements describe types of symbiosis EXCEPT: Sometimes both members in the relationship benefit. One member in the relationship can harm the other. If both members benefit, they can't live without each other. Sometimes only a single member in the relationship benefits. The relationship results in death for some members.
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If both members benefit, they can't live without each other.
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a zoonosis? salmonellosis rabies typhus typhoid fever anthrax
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typhoid fever
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Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of botulism. tetanus. bed sores. pseudomembranous colitis. cholera.
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pseudomembranous colitis.
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Iatrogenic infections are vector transmitted. physician induced. contagious. sexually transmitted. opportunistic.
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physician induced.
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Which of the following is not an airborne transmitted disease? measles tetanus histoplasmosis tuberculosis chickenpox
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tetanus
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Normal microbiota are first acquired during birth. at age eighteen. during the first month. by age five. after one year of age.
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during birth.
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All of the following are antiphagocytic factors produced by pathogens EXCEPT: leukocidins. M protein. cytotoxins. capsules. All of these are antiphagocytic factors.
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cytotoxins.
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Descriptive epidemiology would tabulate all of the following information about a disease EXCEPT: a comparison of patients with the disease to those without the disease. a mapping of the location of a disease. the time the cases of the disease occurred. the age of the patient. the course and chain of transmission of a disease.
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a comparison of patients with the disease to those without the disease.
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Which of the following types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease? retrospective epidemiology systemic epidemiology analytical epidemiology descriptive epidemiology experimental epidemiology
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experimental epidemiology
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of a disease process? prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
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incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
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Which of the following is NOT considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system? Candida E. coli Lactobacillus Bacteroides Trichomonas
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E. coli
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Which of the following is not transmitted by direct contact mode? cutaneous anthrax gonorrhea ringworm yellow fever warts
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yellow fever
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A disease that occurs at a greater than normal frequency for a given area or population is considered sporadic. opportunistic. endemic. epidemic. pandemic.
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epidemic.
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Which of the following is a mechanical vector? housefly cockroach louse Both A and B are correct. Both A and C are correct.
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Both A and B are correct.
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Symptoms are laboratory tests used to diagnose a disease. characteristics of a disease, such as sweating. objective manifestations of a disease that can be observed by others. objective manifestations of a disease that can be measured. subjective characteristics of a disease that can only be felt by the patient.
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subjective characteristics of a disease that can only be felt by the patient.
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Mutualism is a relationship where it is hard to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other. that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other. where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other. where only one member derives benefit from the other. where one member of the relationship may kill the other.
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that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other.
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A nosocomial disease is a disease acquired by using a contaminated needle. eating contaminated food. being bitten by an infected insect. being in a health care facility. having unprotected sexual intercourse.
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being in a health care facility.
