question

Foundations of community health nursing

answer

-preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health -promote quality of life

question

Health belief model

answer

-strives to predict or explain health behaviors -assumes that preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease -emphasizes change at the individual level -describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on: perception, modifying factors, cues to action or make change, pros and cons

question

Milo's Framework for prevention

answer

-emphasizes change at the community level -identifies relationship b/t health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources -theorizes that behavior changes w/in a large # of ppl can ultimately lead to social change

question

Definition of community nursing

answer

-population-focused approach to planning, delivering, and evaluating nursing care

question

Goal of community nursing

answer

-promote, preserve, and maintain health of the population

question

Client of community nursing

answer

-community or population w/in the community

question

Assurance

answer

-making sure adequate health care personnel and services are accessible, especially tho those who might not normally have them

question

Policy development

answer

-developing laws and practices to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence

question

Quality care

answer

-quality assurance -quality improvement -quality management

question

Population-based nursing

answer

-includes assessing to determine needs, intervening to protect and promote health, preventing disease w/in a specific population

question

Epidemiology

answer

-study of health related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection

question

Web of causality

answer

-recognizes the complex interrelationships of many factors interacting, sometimes in subtle ways, to increase or decrease the risk for disease -associations are sometimes mutual, with lines of causality going in both directions

question

Definition of public health

answer

-involves a combination of nursing knowledge along w/social and public health sciences

question

Goal of public health nursing

answer

-promote health -prevent disease

question

Essential services provided in public health nursing

answer

-conduct research to gain knowledge along with social and public health problems -assessment, policy development, and assurance

question

3 categories of public health core functions

answer

-assessment -policy development -assurance

question

Ethical nursing

answer

-preventing harm -doing no harm -promoting good -respecting both individual and community rights -respecting autonomy and diversity -providing confidentiality, competency, and trustworthiness, and advocacy

question

Respect for autonomy

answer

-individuals select those actions that fulfill their goals (self-determination)

question

Non-maleficence

answer

-no harm is done when applying standards of care

question

Beneficence

answer

-maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm

question

Distributive justice

answer

-fair distribution of the benefits and burden in society is based on needs and contributions of its members

question

Task Force on Community Preventive Services Guide

answer

-the task force produces a guide that reviews health promotion and disease prevention guidelines compared to the available evidence -task force then determines whether there is sufficient or strong evidence to implement an intervention and lists which ones have insufficient evidence to show that they're effective

question

Total Quality Management (TQM)

answer

-an approach that seeks to improve quality and performance which meets or exceeds expectations

question

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

answer

-an approach to quality management that emphasizes the organization and its processes/systems, uses objective data to analyze and improve processes

question

5 benefits of professional collaboration and communication

answer

-increased client adherence to prescribed treatment plans -reduced admissions to acute care -reduced cost of care -shared decision-making with client and family -reduced medication errors

question

Client barriers of health education

answer

-age -culture -poor reading and comprehension skills -language barriers -barriers to access -lack of motivation

question

Red flags for low literacy

answer

-frequently missed appointments -incomplete registration forms -non-compliance w/medication -unable to name meds, explain purpose, or dosing -ids pills by looking at them -unable to give coherent, sequential history -ask fewer questions -lack of follow-through on tests or referrals

question

Development of a community health education plan

answer

-id learning needs -determine priority need of population -select aspects of learning theories -id barriers to learning and learning styles -design educational program -implement and evaluate effectiveness

question

How do nurses use Epidemiology?

answer

-to provide health interventions to targeted groups

question

Purpose of epidemiological calculations

answer

-provide numerical info about the impact of disease and death on populations and aggregates -determines the rate of spread of disease and the proportion of ppl affected -used to evaluate the effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotion activities -determine the extent to which goals are met

question

Endemic

answer

-disease/condition when there is moderate, ongoing occurrence in a given location

question

Epidemic

answer

-occurs when the rate of disease exceeds the usual (endemic) level of the condition in a defined population

question

Pandemic

answer

-occurs when and epidemic occurs in multiple countries or continents

question

Primary level of prevention

answer

-prevention of the initial occurrence of disease/injury -education; vaccinations

question

Secondary level of prevention

answer

-detect disease by screening and provide health care early in its progression, before clinical s/s become apparent in order to make an early dx and begin treatment -mammogram

question

Tertiary level of prevention

answer

-maximization of recovery after an injury/illness has occurred -maximize quality of life -support groups; nutrition counseling for someone w/diabetes/HTN

question

Healthy People 2020

answer

-benefits to residents of the US -serves as a measure for quality of health -guides the nurse in developing health promotion strategies to improve individual and community health -these initiatives have shown that implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies leads to decreased expense for health care and improves the length of lifespan -topics include: access to health care; sleep health; oral health

question

Collaborative leadership

answer

-assess the needs of the community -interacting/est. contracts w/community partners serving the community at large -witnessing the interaction b/t community programs and the response of the client to the services -identifying future services based upon the visible needs of the community members and population groups

question

Strategies to gain acceptance into a community

answer

-take part in community events -employ an assessment guide -visit ppl in formal leadership positions -respect an individual's right to choose whether they will work w/the nurse

question

Components of community assessment

answer

-ppl -place or environment -social systems

question

Informant reviews

answer

-direct discussion w/the community members for the purpose of obtaining ideas and opinions from key informants

question

Community forum

answer

-an open, public meeting

question

Participant observation

answer

-observation of formal or informal community activities

question

Focus groups

answer

-directed talk w/a representative sample

question

Surveys

answer

-specific questions asked in a written format

question

Windshield survey

answer

-drive by a community to see what environment looks like at 2 different times

question

Social determinants of health

answer

-neighborhood and built environment -social and community context -economic stability -health and healthcare -education

question

Acculturation

answer

-process of merging w/or adopting the traits of a different culture -adapting to a new culture requires changes in daily living practices (language, education, work, recreation, social experiences, and health care system)

question

Culture

answer

-set of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that is widely held among a group of ppl and that is transmitted across generations

question

Culture awareness

answer

-self-examination and in-depth exploration of one's own beliefs and values as they influence behavior

question

Cultural preservation

answer

-nurse supports and facilitates the use of scientifically supported cultural practices from a person's culture along w/those from the biomedical health system

question

Cultural accommodation

answer

-nurse supports/facilitates clients in their use of cultural practices when such cultural practices are not harmful to clients

question

Cultural re-patterning

answer

-nurse works w/clients to help them reorder, change, or modify their cultural practices when these practices are harmful to them

question

Cultural brokering

answer

-advocating, mediating, negotiating, and intervening b/w the client's cultural and the biomedical health care culture on behalf of clients

question

Ethnocentrism

answer

-believing your culture is best

question

Cultural shock

answer

-feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes

question

Cultural blindness

answer

-ignores different cultures exist -treat everyone the same

question

4 dimensions of cultural competence

answer

-cultural preservation -cultural accommodation -cultural re-patterning -cultural brokering

question

10 parameters of a cultural assessment

answer

-ethnic background -religious preferences -family structure -language and literacy needs -communication needs -education -cultural values -food patterns -health practices -use of folk or spiritual healers and alternative healing techniques

question

Cultural assessment

answer

-provides info about the effect of culture on communication, space and physical contact, time, social organization, and environmental control factors

question

Translation barriers when using an interpreter

answer

-differences in socioeconomic status -religious affiliation -education level -spoken dialect

question

Environmental risks that can negatively impact client health

answer

-toxins (lead, mercury, asbestos, pesticides) -air pollution -H2O pollution -contamination (food and food products)

question

Environmental Primary intervention

answer

-educate individuals/groups on how to reduce environmental hazards -advocate for safe air/water -support programs from waste reduction and recycling -advocate for waste reduction and effective waste management

question

Environmental Secondary interventions

answer

-survey for health conditions that can be related to environmental and occupational exposures -obtain environmental health histories from patients -monitor workers for levels of chemical exposures at job sites -screen children under 5 for blood lead levels -assess neighborhoods, schools, work sites, and the community for environmental hazards

question

Environmental Tertiary interventions

answer

-refer homeowners to lead removal resources -educate clients who have asthma about environmental triggers -support cleanup of toxic waste sites and removal of other hazards -be active in organizations and legislation r/t environmental health issues

question

Important elements of the Affordable Care Act

answer

-extending eligibility for dependents to remain on parent's insurance until 26 -prohibiting health plans from denying benefits for preexisting coverage to children under 19 -banning lifetime limits on benefit coverage -covering preventive care services

question

World Health Organization

answer

-provides daily info regarding the occurrence of internationally important diseases -est. world standards for abx and vaccines

question

Veterans Health Administration

answer

-federal health agency -finances health services for active and retired military persons and dependents

question

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

answer

-federal health agency -funded through federal taxes -has a ton of agencies included under it

question

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

answer

-HIPPA -disability insurance -aid to families with dependent children -SSI

question

Agency for healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

answer

-conducts research to improve quality, affordability, and safety of healthcare -uses data to publish clinical guidelines and recommendations for health conditions

question

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

answer

-works to prevent and control disease, injury, and disability

question

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

answer

-works to decrease harmful exposure and diseases linked to toxic substances

question

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

answer

-works to ensure food safety and the safety/effectiveness of meds

question

Indian Health Service (IHS)

answer

-promote tribal health for American Indians and Alaskan Natives

question

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

answer

-supports biomedical research

question

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

answer

-promotes behavioral health and aims to reduce the negative effects on substance use and mental illness

question

State Departments of Health

answer

-obtain funding from state and federal public health agencies -manages WIC and children's health insurance program -est. public health policies -provides assistance to public health departments -administers Medicaid program -reports communicable diseases from w/in the state to the CDC

question

State Boards of Nursing

answer

-develop and oversee the state's nurse practice act -license RN/LPN -oversee the state's schools of nursing

question

Local health department

answer

-receives funds from the state to implement community level programs -primary focus: health of local citizens -ids and intervenes to meet health needs of local community -reports communicable diseases to state departments of health

question

Medicare eligibility

answer

-older than 65 and receiving social security Other less common ways: -receiving disability benefits for 2 yrs or... -have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and receive disability benefits or... -have kidney failure and be on maintenance dialysis or had a kidney transplant

question

Medicare Part A

answer

-inpatient care -hospital care -home care -hospice

question

Medicare Part B

answer

-outpatient care -health care provider services -home health -dx services -medical equipment -ambulance -mental health services -preventative services

question

Medicare Part C

answer

-aka: medicare advantage plan -combo of A and B provided through a private insurance company

question

Medicare Part D

answer

-prescription med coverage

question

Medicaid

answer

-health care coverage for individuals of low socioeconomic status and children

question

Medicaid Eligibility

answer

-based on the household size and income -priority given to children, pregnant women, and those w/disabilities

question

Medicaid for those under 21

answer

-provides inpatient/outpatient hospital care, lab/radiology services, vaccines, family planning, pregnancy care, and early and periodic screening/dx/tx

Population exam 1- MNU ABSN – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards