Nursing 2000- History of nursing and definition of nursing – Flashcards
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founder of modern nursing decreased mortality rate from 60% to 1% "lady with the lamp" first nurse researcher lifeling learnign wrote extensively in nursing believed women should be equal monetarily to men believed nursing should be in charge of nursing
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florence nightingale
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Nightingale established a training school for nurses
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1860
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improved care for mentally ill
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dorthea dix
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developed red cross
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clara barton
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assisted slaves to freedom
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harriet tubman
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AMA recommended nurses should be trained and instructed
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1869
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new england hospital for women and children initiates primitive program
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1872
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first trained nurse
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linda richards
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first trained BLACK nurse
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mary mahoney
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Bellevue training school connecticut training school boston training school
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first schools initiated in 1873
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providence hospital in chicago
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1891 first training school for BLACK nurses
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increased public health care established school nursing
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Lilien wald
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American Society of Superintendents of Training schools for Nursing established (NLN)
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1893
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Nurses associated Alumnae of the US and canada (ANA)
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1896
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American Journal of Nursing
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1900
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legislation passes to register nurses
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1903
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opened firse birth control education clinic
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Margaret Sanger
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nursing recruitment standards decreased military hospital conditions poor Army nursing school created
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Nursing in WW1
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1924- discriminated against men and blacks
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Yale school of Nursing
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believed child health care should start at prenatal
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Mary breckenridge
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inactive nurses came back nurse assistant job developed nursing prisoners of war
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Nursing WW2
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female nurses received full commissioned status in military
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1947
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male nurses received benefit of fill commissioned in military
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1954
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concept of "team nursing" evolved MASH units-1950 flight nursing-1950 exponential increase in science and health care knowledge
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Post ww2
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NLN accredits nursing schools
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1950
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associate degree programs initiated nursing research evolved
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1952
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ANAs position paper on education for nursing
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1965
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outpatient treatments nursing shortage increase graduate nursing education increase nursing roles
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current history
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medicare DRGs
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1986
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3 million
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How many nurses in US
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percentage of nurses working as a nurse
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83%
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percentage of nurses working in hospitals
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56.2%
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percentage of female nurses
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94.3%
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male
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5.7%
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high demand for nurses
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Nursing issues
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trustworthy posative active kind advocates of health care and safety not accociated with power increase quality of health care
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Nursing public image
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Nurse JAckie ER china beach- positive MASH
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Media image of nursing
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invisible physicians perceptions- overlooked Johnson and Johnson: discover nursing
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image of nursing
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be visible at work and in profession be educated- lifelong learning be active- community service, politics
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strategies of improvement for nursing image
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Parker memorial hospital (mizzou)
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1901
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BSN curriculum initiated
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1940
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nursing school became a separate division
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1975
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what society believes that a person in a job should be doing
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profession
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10 classic criteria used as a standard to identify characteristics of a profession
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Flexners criteria
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not all education is higher education (diploma) nursing is not totally autonomous (you can't just do your own thing) entry to practice is unclear (diploma, assoc, BSN)
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exceptions to flexners criteria for nursing
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education at college/univ affective knowledge (beliefs, values, attitudes) standards of practice- based on research ethical considerations
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Professional preparation
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provide patient-centered care work in interdisciplinary teams employ evidence based practice apply quality improvement principles utilize informatics
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IOM care competencies
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not just a job identify self with the profession responsibility and accountability for mistakes lifelong learning promote the profession
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professional commitment
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contract between society and profession of nursing
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Nursings social policy statement
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expectation of role and observable knowledge
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nursing: scope and standards of practice
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ethical responsibilitis of nurses
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code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements
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Nursing is to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him
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Florence Nightingale nursing definiition
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"the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he would preform if he had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge"
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virginia henderson definition of nursing (1967)
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Care cure coordination
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ANA 1965 definition
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nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems
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ANA 1980 definition
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attention to full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness without restriction to a problem (WELL and sick)
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ANA 1995 definition 1
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integrating objective (observed) data and subjective (what patient says) data
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ANA 1995 definition 2
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application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment
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ANA 1995 definition 3
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provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing
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ANA 1995 definition 4
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nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness, aleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
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ANA 2003 definition
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promote health prevent illness restore health facilitate coping
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Nursing goals
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caregiver communicator/callaborator- to patient/family counselor advocate leader/manager/delegator educator researcher
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general roles of a nurse
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distribution of tasks
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functional nursing
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nursing assistants, etc, responsible for a group as a team
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team nursing
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responsible for plan of care and to make sure other nurses are following your plan
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primary nursing
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for nursing CARE
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Why do people go to the hospital
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facility administrators director of nursing gereatric nurse practitioner
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Long term nursing care
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(front line) responsible for all nurses on that floor
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charge nurse
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responsible for that unit for 24/7 (even if they are not there)
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head nurse/manager/patient care coordinator (middle)
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care of patients after hours
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house supervisor (middle)
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right under the director
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assistant/associate director of nursing
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head of all nursing
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director of nursing/VP/chief nursing executive (upper)
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orientating is first then they continue training for lifelong learning
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staff development
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homecare/visiting nurses government or private occupational health- to a specific facility
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public health
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the community is the patient
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population focused health
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Vision, hearing screening growth measurements acute and chronic illnesses health education to students and teachers
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School health nursing (elementary)
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organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming risk for the sake of a profit ex: consultation, counseling, homecare services, patient education, nursing continuing education
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entrepreneur
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creating innovation of any kind within an organization ex: setting up specialty unit
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intraprenuer
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clinical nurse specialtist nurse practitioner CRNA certified nurse midwives usually require a phD
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Advance practice nurse (APN)
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academia (teach at a university) staff education community educator
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Nurse educator
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assistant data collector data analysis grant funding dual roles: educator and research grant funding
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nurse researcher
