CH1 – Flashcards

sociology

sociological imagination

social institution

verstehen

anomie

positivist sociology

double consciousness

functionalism

conflict theory

symbolic interactionism (?)

postmodernism (?)

social construction (?)

midrange theory

microsociology

macrosociology

According to Randall Collins's (1979) research, the expansion of higher education is:

"If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" is the theory of which of the following Chicago School theorists?

In the book How to Observe Morals and Manners, the institution of marriage is criticized as:

Which of the following founders of sociology is known, in part, for his writings providing the theoretical foundation of Communism?

The intended purpose of desegregation of schools in the 1950s was to make education equal for everyone. What was not intended was that many racial minority teachers and principals lost their jobs. This unintended purpose was called a(n) ____________ function by functionalist theorist Talcott Parsons.

Who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?

Which of the following is defined as a complex group of interdependent positions that together perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time?

Which of the following is the study of social meanings that emphasizes subjectivity in understanding human behavior?

In sociology's "cousin," psychology, the focus is on the individual. In sociology, the focus is above and beyond the individual, on group-level dynamics and social structures. This is known as:

According to Comte, positivism arose out of a need to make ____________ sense of the social order in a time of declining religious authority.

Native Americans may see the history of the United States differently than white Europeans. Which theory would argue that there is not a unifying "grand narrative" of history because history itself is not objective, but rather socially constructed?

According to Suicide, one of the main social forces leading to suicide is a sense of normlessness that results from drastic changes in society. This normlessness was called:

Which of the following focuses its analyses on face-to-face encounters and interactions?

Which of the following was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University?

Economists tend to see humans as ____________, but sociologists would tend to include ____________.

Which of the following argues that the organizing narratives of history are over, and that progress has led to a condition where there are no shared, objective meanings?

A white woman goes into an upscale shop to look at clothes. She is excited to see that there is a sale and gathers a huge pile of clothes to take into the dressing room. An African American woman goes into the store and is also excited about the sale but hesitates to take too many clothes into the dressing room because she is afraid the staff will think she might shoplift. W. E. B. Du Bois would say that the African American woman has:

The "grand narrative" that constitutes a social identity:

Which early U.S. sociologist told other sociologists in the Chicago School to "go out and get the seats of [their] pants dirty in real research"?

As defined by C. Wright Mills, which of the following "enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society"?

Which of the three historical epistemological stages of human society did Comte explain was highlighted by Enlightenment thinking such as Rousseau's, Mill's, and Hobbes's beliefs in biological causes for human behavior?

Which of the following lists the individuals known as "the founding fathers of the sociological discipline"?

Who criticized Marx for focusing exclusively on economics and social class as explanations for human behavior and advocated sociological analyses that allowed for multiple influences?

Which area within the discipline of anthropology is most similar to sociology?

While historians are more likely to focus on the unique case, sociologists would more likely to focus on:

A family, as a group of people living together and sharing individual stories, makes up a ____________ institution.

To truly understand why people act the way they do, we must understand the meanings they attach to their behaviors. Max Weber called this:

Max Weber would say we need to understand from their perspective, not from our own, why many generations of Chinese sleep together in rural China. He called this:

Who was the author of the first methods book in the discipline of sociology?

The basic premise of the Chicago School was that human behaviors and personalities are shaped by social and physical environments. This is known as:

Erving Goffman used the language of theater to describe how people present themselves in everyday social life. This is known as:

Robert Merton's modern sociological theory focused on attempting to predict how certain social institutions function between microsociology and macrosociology. This is known as:

According to your textbook's author, Chicago School researcher Louis Wirth's essay "Urbanism as a Way of Life" might be classified as which of the following today?

Which of the three historical epistemological stages of human society did Comte claim was characterized by the development of social physics to explain human behavior?

Manifest Latent Dysfunction

Which feminist sociologist wrote Sex, Gender, and Society (1972), which argued that much of what we attribute to biological sex differences can actually be traced to learned behaviors and socialization?

Which of the following sociologists developed the theory of positivism?

Sociologists and economists have shown that the benefits of higher education include higher median incomes for college graduates. This is known as:

The functionalist paradigm went largely unchallenged in the United States until about the 1950s. C. Wright Mills criticized Talcott Parsons for:

Feeling discomfort about rural Chinese society, where many generations of a family sleep in the same bed, is known as:

The Division of Labor in Society was the first of many sociological contributions from:

Although positivism originated with Auguste Comte, the person who is often considered to be the first practitioner of positivism is:

Charles H. Cooley argued that the "self " emerges from how an individual interacts with others and then interprets those interactions. He calls this:

Karl Marx would argue that the types of social institutions in a society were the result of the economic makeup of that society. Max Weber, however, argued that:

Explaining unique cases is the focus of most historians, whereas the comparative method is the staple of the sociologist. This comparative method is also known as

Which of the three historical epistemological stages did Comte argue would explain human society by identifying the "laws" that governed human behavior?

Which of the following sociologists applied Durkheim's theory of anomie to explain crime rates among African Americans after the abolition of slavery in the United States?

The author of your text states that the most age-segregated social institution in our society is a:

What do symbolic interactionists study?

Which modern sociological theory examines how power relationships are defined, shaped, and reproduced on the basis of gender differences?

Each of the following is known as one of the three epistemological stages of human society, as explained by Comte, EXCEPT:

Two words that might describe the difference between conflict theory and functionalism are:

The examination of human behavior within a rational actor model is the focus of which of the following "cousins" of sociology?

Postmodern sociologists argue that all so-called objective phenomena are open to debate because all meaning is subjective. Thus, to postmodernists, all "facts" are really:

Chicago was a good place to study urbanism using more of a community-based approach (a.k.a. social ecology). Why?

George H. Mead described how the "self " internalizes the views of society as a whole, transcending the individual and particular situations. He calls this larger society:

According to the theory of social solidarity, the division of labor in a society helps to determine:

Positivism is best defined as the: