APUSH ch 2 book quiz & vocab – Flashcards
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Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts Bay for
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questioning the ideas that good works led to salvation
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By the mid-1500s, Spain's main goal in North America was to
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maintain its dominance and power in the region
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For which of the following reasons was Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636?
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he questioned the English seizure of the native people's land
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How did the Puritans justify their invasion of the Native Americans' land in the seventeenth century?
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The Puritans interpreted epidemics that devastated Native American populations as a favorable sign from God.
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How was colonization similar for the French and Spanish?
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The French and Spanish aimed to Christianize the native peoples.
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How were the Indian uprising in 1622 and Bacon's Rebellion in 1675-1676 similar?
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The rebellions led to changes in the structure of the colony's government.
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How were the Spanish conquistadors, Nathaniel Bacon's frontiersmen, and the Puritans were similar?
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All treated the Native Americans brutally.
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In contrast to the Spanish missionaries of the sixteenth century, the seventeenth-century French Jesuits
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tried to understand the Indians' values and worldview.
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In North America's plantation colonies, most indentured servants
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did not escape from poverty
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In the sixteenth century, the Spanish crown granted encomiendas to which of the following groups?
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Conquistadors
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In which of the following ways did the plantation colonies of Barbados differ from those in the Chesapeake in the seventeenth century?
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The Chesapeake adopted slavery gradually and Barbados did so quickly.
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John Winthrop's phrase "City upon a Hill" referred to which of the following colonies?
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Massachusetts Bay
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King Henry VIII started the English Reformation by
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declaring himself supreme head of the new Church of England.
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Lord Baltimore, the proprietor of Maryland, established that colony as a haven for
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Catholics
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Portuguese colonists in Brazil in the sixteenth century created an industry based on which of these resources?
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sugar
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Powhatan, leader of a confederation of about two dozen tribes in Virginia,
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treated the English as potential allies and attempted to integrate them into his chiefdom.
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The economic livelihood of the Virginia colony in the 1700s depended on which of the following products?
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tobacco
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The encomiendas granted by the Spanish crown in the sixteenth century consisted of
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legal control over American land and Indian labor.
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The main motive for King Philip II's attack on England in 1588 was to
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A. eradicate Protestantism in England and Holland
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The worldview of devout Puritans, such as Cotton Mather, was based on which of the following?
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The notion that supernatural forces caused unusual events
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Two hundred thousand Spaniards from Castile migrated to America in the 1500s in order to escape
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high taxes on agriculture and military service
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What accounted for the uneasy relations that persisted between Powhatan's people and the Jamestown settlers for more than a decade after 1607?
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Both groups' inability to reach an agreement about who would pay tribute to whom
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What caused the Puritans' "errand into the wilderness" to become permanent?
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The failure of the English Revolution
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What caused the Spanish Netherlands revolt against Spanish rule in 1566?
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Dutch Protestants' desire to protect their faith
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What effect did American tobacco have in England during the early colonial period?
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The English developed a huge appetite for tobacco, which stimulated the English economy and bolstered England's treasury.
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When they settled in the New World in 1630, the Puritans' first priority was to
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create a reformed society that would model true Christianity in America
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Which of the following characteristics was a common feature of royal colonies throughout English America in the seventeenth century?
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An elected assembly
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Which of the following describes the colony of Maryland, founded in 1632?
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Tobacco production shaped its economy and social structures.
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Which of the following describes the Dutch colony of New Netherland in the seventeenth century?
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The venture failed to attract many settlers.
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Which of the following developments fostered the flow of migrants into the Virginia colony between 1617 and 1622?
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The Virginia Company began to allow individual settlers to own land
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Which of the following diseases were introduced into Europe by Christopher Columbus's sailors after their journey to the Americas in the 1490s?
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syphilis
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Which of the following factors encouraged migrants to New France in the seventeenth century?
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Generous terms for indentured servitude
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Which of the following groups provided the labor for Brazil's profitable plantations in 1620?
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African slaves
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Which of the following native groups capitalized on its geographic location in central New York and remained a significant political force in North America long after colonization?
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Iroquois
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Which of the following New England colonies required church membership in order to be able to vote?
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Massachusetts Bay
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Which of the following statements accurately characterizes life in the seventeenth-century North American plantation colonies?
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Disease took such a toll that most children lost at least one parent before their thirteenth birthday
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Which of the following statements describes Africans in Virginia after the 1660s?
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Africans found themselves more entrenched in slavery as a permanent condition.
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Which of the following statements describes life in the Chesapeake region after 1660?
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A wealthy, planter-merchant elite dominated the Chesapeake economy and owned almost half the land in Virginia
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Which of the following statements describes the English migrants who initially settled in the Jamestown colony in the early 1600s?
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Early Jamestown settlers expected to profit from gold and Indian labor
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Which of the following statements describes the significance of the arrival of New World crops, including maize and potatoes, in Europe and Asia after the 1500s?
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American crops increased agricultural yield and population growth in the Old World
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Which of the following statements is true of Metacom's War (King Philip's War), which took place in 1675-1676?
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The war was a last-ditch attempt to save Indian lands and culture in New England
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Which of the following was a consequence of Bacon's Rebellion of the 1670s?
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Slavery began to replace indentured servitude
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Which of the following was an outcome of Elizabeth I's compromise on the Church of England in the late 1500s?
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It angered English people who supported radical Protestantism
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Which of the following was characteristic of both the Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut colonies?
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Ordinary farmers had more political power than most Chesapeake men.
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Which of the following was the outcome of the surprise Indian attack on the Virginia colony in 1622?
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James I revoked the Virginia Company's charter and made it a royal colony.
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Which of the following was true of the English outwork textile industry that emerged around 1500?
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Landless peasants in small cottages spun and wove wool into cloth
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Why did Plymouth begin to thrive after its first year while Jamestown struggled for many years?
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The religious discipline of the Plymouth settlers encouraged their stronger work ethic.
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Why did the largest landholdings in seventeenth-century New England towns usually belong to wealthier families?
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Men of higher social status tended to receive the largest land grants from their towns.
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Why was the influx of American gold and silver into the English economy during the sixteenth century significant?
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it stimulated further economic expansion
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It stimulated further economic expansion.
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His political favoritism during his governorship aroused great resentment in Virginia
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chattel slavery
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a system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property
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neo-Europes
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term for colonies in which colonists sought to replicate, or at least approximate, economies and social structures they knew at home
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encomienda
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a grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the 16th century by the Spanish kings to prominent men.
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columbian exchange
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the massive global exchange of living things including people, animals, plants, and diseases, between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyage of Columbus
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outwork
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a system of manufacturing, also known as putting out, used extensively in the english woolen industry in the 16th and 17th centuries/ merchants bought wool and then hired landless peasants who lived in small cottages to spin and weave it into cloth
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mercantalism
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a system of political economy based on government intervention
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house of Burgess
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organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of reps elected by the colony's inhabitants
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royal colony
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in the english system, a royal colony was chartered by the crown. The colony's government was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade
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freeholds
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land owned in its entirety, without feudal dues or landlord obligations/had the right to improve, transfer, or sell their property
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headright system
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a system of land distribution, pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies, that granted land usually 50 acres, to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival
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indentured servitude
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workers contracted for service for a specific period/agreeing to work 4 to 5 years w/o pay meant they received passage across the Atlantic
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pilgrims
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one of the first protestant groups to come to america seeking a separation from the Church of England/ founded Plymouth, the first permanent community in New England
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puritans
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dissenters from the church of england who wanted a genuine Reformation rather that the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII/stressed importance of relationship w God developed thru the bible, prayer, and introspection
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joint-stock coporation
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a financial organization devised by english merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America
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predestination
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the protestant christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born
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toleration
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the allowance of different religious practices
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covenant of works
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the christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation
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covenant of grace
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the christian idea that God's elect are granted salvation as a pure gift of grace
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town meeting
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a form of warfare that mobilizes all of a society's resources- economic, political, and cultural- in support of the military effort
