Mastering Microbio Chapter 10 – Flashcards
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of members of the Domain Archaea?
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They contain nuclei.
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A unicellular, photosynthetic nucleated cell would belong to which domain?
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Eukarya
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The first cells were formed approximately __________ years ago.
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3 billion
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Which of the following are features of a molecular clock
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-It uses the rate at which a gene sequence changes to mark evolutionary time.
-It works best when rate of change is relatively constant over time.
-It requires knowledge of age of divergence.
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Why are archaea and bacteria—both collections of prokaryotic organisms—grouped into different domains while organisms like fungi and animals are in the same domain?
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Bacteria and archaea differ significantly in their rRNA sequences, but fungi and animals share some rRNA characteristics.
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While working with a broth culture of archaea in the laboratory, you accidentally spill some of the microorganisms on yourself. Do you need to be concerned about developing an infection? Why or why not?
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No; archaea are not pathogenic.
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Which of the following methods could be used to differentiate between a member of domain Bacteria and a member of domain Archaea?
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You could look for the presence of peptidoglycan
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What is the outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi
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Members absorb dissolved organic matter.
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Which of the following statements about members of the Kingdom Plantae is FALSE?
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They use organic carbon sources.
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Which of the following statements about the members of the Kingdom Animalia is FALSE
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They undergo photosynthesis.
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A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
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is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
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Which of the following statements is a reason for NOT classifying viruses in one of the three
domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) rather than in a fourth separate domain?
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Viruses are not composed of cells.
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In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
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genus
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Why is visualization not sufficient to properly identify bacteria?
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Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape.
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What is the hallmark of dichotomous keys?
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They consist of a series of paired statements, in which only one statement of each pair applies to a given organism.
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Biochemical tests
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are the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria
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Why is the unknown in this example not Pseudomonas?
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It ferments lactose.
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What test result indicates that the unknown can utilize citrate as its sole carbon source?
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The medium turns blue.
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How would the results be different if this organism was Salmonella?
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It would produce hydrogen sulfide.
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How is fermentation of lactose detected?
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The drop in pH turns the indicator dye yellow.
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How many questions are needed in this dichotomous key to determine if the unknown is Bacteroides?
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Three
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The endosymbiotic theory states that
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chloroplasts evolved from photosynthetic bacteria that were endocytosed by primitive eukaryotic cells
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A biochemical test, in the microbiology world, is used to determine
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capability of a microbe to perform a specific enzymatic activity.
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Serological testing is based on the fact that
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antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
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Phage typing is based on the fact that
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bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species
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One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of organisms. These profiles provide direct information about
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the similarities between nucleotide sequences.
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All of the following statements are reasons why fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a valuable tool for environmental microbiologists EXCEPT
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it allows one to obtain pure cultures of microbes.
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This figure shows the results of a gel electrophoresis separation of restriction fragments of the DNA of different organisms
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1 and 3
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Use the dichotomous key in the table to identify a gram-negative cell that ferments lactose and uses citric acid as its sole carbon source
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Citrobacter
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Which technique is often used to determine the identity and abundance of microorganisms in an environment? (This technique is particularly useful because it does not require culturing the organisms.)
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fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
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Which of the following is NOT based on nucleic-acid hybridization?
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Western blotting
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Which of the following provides taxonomic information that includes the information obtained in the others listed?
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cladogram
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Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related?
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Both are gram-positive
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Western blotting is an immunological test used to identify the antibodies in the serum of an individual suspected of having Lyme disease.
-True
-False
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True
