Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base – Flashcards
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Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?
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Intracellular fluid (ICF)
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What determines osmosis from one fluid compartment to another?
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The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
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In which compartment would fluid accumulate in edema?
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Tissue(interstitial) fluid
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Fluid intake is governed mostly by hypothalamic neurons called __________.
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Osmoreceptors
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Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?
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ADH release is inhibited
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What can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?
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Increased respiratory water loss
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What is the principal cation of ECF?
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Na+
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Where are cells with aldosterone receptors found?
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Distal convoluted tubule
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What is NOT caused by hypernatremia?
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A reduction in plasma volume
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Women have a tendency to retain water during part of their menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of what?
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Aldosterone
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Which of these conditions is NOT a result of hyperkalemia?
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The resting membrane potential is more negative
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Hypokalemia can result from:
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Chronic vomiting
Diarrhea
Heavy sweating
Excessive use of laxatives
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Chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of __________ homeostasis.
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Na+
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What are the roles of calcium in the body?
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Participates in muscle contraction
Serve as second messengers
Activates exocytosis
Important in blood clotting
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What is the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system?
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CO2+H20 <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+
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What is the normal PH of tissue fluid?
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7.35 to 7.45
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What are the major chemical buffer systems of the body?
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Bicarbonate, phosphate and protein
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What protein is the most important buffer in blood plasma?
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Albumin
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What characterizes a weak base?
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It binds a little H+ and has a weak effect on PH
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When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they __________ at the same time.
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Reabsorb sodium
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The bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the body if not for the action of the respiratory system, which __________.
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Expels CO2 produced by the buffer system
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Proteins can buffer a drop in PH with their __________ side groups and can buffer an increase in PH with their __________ side groups.
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-NH2; -COOH
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Acidosis has what effect in the resting membrane potential of nerve cells?
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It causes hyperpolarization
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How do the kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis?
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By secreting more hydrogen ions
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Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to __________.
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Respiratory acidosis
