INT-1700 Study Guide 1 (Multiple Choice) – Flashcards

The ___ is often very different from one operating system to the next, sometimes even between different versions of the same operating system.

A ___ chip holds software that is used to start the computer

The ___ uniquely identifies each resource, starts its operation, monitors its progress, and, finally, deallocates it, making the operating system available to the next waiting process.

Each peripheral device has its own software, called a(n) _____, which contains the detailed instructions required to start the device, allocate it to a job, use the device correctly, and deallocate it when it's appropriate.

______ is the practice of using Internet-connected resources to perform processing, storage, or other operations.

____ is where the data and instructions of a computer must reside to be processed.

The efficiency of a batch system is measured in _____, which is the number of jobs completed in a given amount of time.

______ systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is key and data must be processed within a strict time limit.

There are two types of real-time systems depending on the consequences of missing the deadline. A ____ real-time system risks total system failure if the predicted time deadline is missed.

A hybrid system is a combination of ____ systems.

The name for the core portion of an operating system is the ______.

____ means that several logical records are grouped within one physical record.

Starting in the 1950s, to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU, an interface called the ____ was placed between them to act as a buffer.

The most common mechanism for implementing multiprogramming was the introduction of the ____ concept, whereby the CPU was notified of events needing operating systems services.

A system with ____ divides programs into parts and keep them in secondary storage, bringing each part into memory only as it is needed.

In active multiprogramming, each program is allowed to use only a preset amount of CPU time before it is interrupted so another job can begin its execution. The interrupted job resumes execution at some later time. This idea is called _________.

The word ____ is used to indicate that a program is permanentlly held in ROM (read only memory), as opposed to being held in secondary storage.

___ allows separate partitions of a single server to support different operating systems.

With ___ operating systems, users can think they are working with a system using one processor, when in fact they are connected to a cluster of many processors working closely together.

With the development of ___ technology, a single chip was a equipped with two or more processors cores.

Main memory is also known as ____.

In a single-user system, jobs are processed _____.

Fixed partitions are also called _____ partitions.

In the fixed-partition memory management scheme, the table that the Memory Manager uses to keep track of jobs is composed of the _____.

The fixed partition scheme works well when _____.

The phenomenon of less-than-complete use of memory space in a fixed partition is called ________

_____ consists of fragments of free memory between blocks of allocated memory.

The ___ method keeps the free/busy lists organized by memory locations, from low-order memory to high-order memory.

The goal of the ____ memory allocation algorithm is to find the smallest memory block into which a job will fit.

The release of memory space by the Memory Manager is called _____

A(n) ___ in the busy list occurs when a memory block between two other busy memory blocks is returned to the free list.

____ of memory is performed by the operating system to reclaim fragmented sections of the memory space.

Memory compaction is also referred to as ______/

Single-user, fixed partition, and dynamic partition memory schemes share unacceptable fragmentation characteristics that were resolved with the development of ____

When reading an instruction, the operating system can tell the ____ of each group of digits by its location in the line and the operation code.

In a relocatable dynamic partition scheme, the ___ ensures that, during execution, a program won't try to access memory locations that don't belong to it.

In a relocatable dynamic partition scheme, the ___ contains a value that must be added to each address referenced in a program so that the system will be able to access the correct memory addresses after relocation.

By compacting and relocating the Memory Manager optimizes the use of memory and thus improves throughput. However, it also requires more ___ than the other memory allocation schemes discussed in this chapter.

One approach to performing compaction is to do it when a certain ___ of memory becomes busy.

The four memory management techniques presented in this chapter share the requirement that the entire program being executed must be ____

The primary advantage of storing programs in noncontigouous locations is that ____

In a paged memory allocation scheme, the ___ contains two values for each active job: the size of the job and the memory location where its Page Map Table is stored.

In a paged memory allocation scheme, a simple ____ has one entry for each page frame that shows its location and its free/busy status.

In a paged memory allocation scheme, a page size that is too small will generate ____

One of the most important innovations of demand paging is that it makes ___ feasible.

In demand paging, pages are ____ between main memory and secondary storage.

In demand paging, when an excessive number of pages are moved back and forth between main memory and secondary storage, it is called ____

The ____ page replacement policy is based on the theory that the best page to remove is the one that has been in memory the longest.

The ____ demonstrates that when using a FIFO policy, in rare cases, adding more memory to a system can cause an increase in page interrupts.

A variation of the LRU page replacement algorithm known as the ___ replacement policy is implemented with a circular queue.

In demand paging schemes, the ____ in a Page Map Table indicates whether the page is currently in memory.

In demand paging, the collection of pages residing in memory that can be accessed directly without incurring a page fault is called the _______

The term ____ means that during any phase of its execution, a program

With segmented memory allocation, each job is divided into several ____ of different sizes, one for each module that contains pieces that perform related functions.

To access a location in memory when using segmented memory management, the address is composed of two entries: ____.

A disadvantage of segmented memory allocation is ____.

____ effectively removes restrictions on maximum program size.

____ can be thought of as being an intermediary between main memory and the special-purpose registers, which are the domain of the CPU.

The purpose of cache memory is to keep handy the most recently accessed data and instructions so that the CPU can access them repeatedly without wasting time. This purpose is similar to that of the ____ of a Web browser.

Cache memory is divided into blocks of equal size called ____.