Chapter 11 Quiz SG – Flashcards

According to Alfred Adler, feelings of _____ are universal during infancy and childhood.

According to Albert Bandura, what is the best way to strengthen your sense of self-efficacy in a particular realm of behavior?

According to Alfred Adler, feelings of inferiority:

According to Bandura's theory, which of the following factors is likely to contribute to the self-regulation of behavior?

According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious:

According to Carl Rogers, when a child senses that he is loved and valued only when he behaves in a way that is acceptable to his parents, the parents are displaying _____ toward the child.

According to Eysenck's theory, _____ tend to seek out stimulating environments, while _____ tend to avoid stimulating environments.

According to Freud, the basic goals of the id are to:

According to Freud, _____ is reflected in behaviors that enhance our chances of survival, and _____ is reflected in aggressive, reckless, and dangerous behaviors that are life threatening.

According to Freud, the sexual urges of children during the latency stage of psychosexual development:

According to Freud, the successful resolution of the phallic stage of psychosexual development involves the child's use of the defense mechanism of:

According to Freud's theory, the Oedipus complex:

According to psychoanalyst Karen Horney, people who move "toward" other people may have an excessive need for:

According to reciprocal determinism:

According to Table 11.5, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, Jr. are best known for proposing:

According to the _____ model of personality, personality can be defined in terms of five basic dimensions.

Although Nancy has studied for any hour each day all semester, she is sure that she will fail her final exam in Dr. Lane's chemistry class. Nancy is showing a low level of:

After Jack's loan application for the new car was rejected, he told a friend that he was glad he had not gotten the loan because his old car was still very reliable and he really didn't want to make monthly car payments. Which ego defense mechanism best explains Jack's behavior?

After Lauren broke up with him, Evan told his friends how happy he was that Lauren was out of his life. Nevertheless, Evan keeps thinking of things that he left at Lauren's apartment and calls her or stops by her apartment several times a week. Each time he sees her, he is insulting and unpleasant and tells Lauren that he hopes he never sees her again. Evan's behavior is best explained by which of the following ego defense mechanisms?

Although he stayed calm during the conversation, Mark was angry as he left Professor McArthur's office because he felt he had been treated unfairly. A short while later, Mark snapped at a fellow student who asked if she could borrow his notes. Which ego defense mechanism best accounts for Mark's behavior toward the other student?

Although Karen's divorce was finalized several months ago, she still refers to Jonathan as her "husband" rather than her "ex-husband" when talking with friends. Which ego defense mechanism best explains Karen's behavior?

According to your textbook, the most widely used self-report inventory is the:

Although they have been broken up for months, Hector still bought Shivangi flowers and chocolates for Valentine's day. Which ego defense mechanism best explains Hector's behavior?

Alyssa is a quiet, rather shy young woman who lives at home while attending college. She would rather meet an old friend for coffee than meet new people or go to parties. In terms of Hans Eysenck's model of personality, Alyssa appears to rate high on the trait of:

Angela remembers a dream in which she boarded a train that entered a dark tunnel. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, the dream images that Angela remembers, such as the train and the tunnel, are called the _____ content.

Because her baby seemed to enjoy putting so many things in his mouth, Jessica provided the infant with many different kinds of pacifiers and chewable toys. According to Freud's theory, Jessica is running the risk of producing _____ at the _____ psychosexual stage of development.

The "Big Five" are:

Brain-imaging studies showed that people who were high in extraversion showed _____ brain activation in response to positive images relative to people who were low in extraversion.

Carl Rogers's theory of personality and humanistic psychology has been criticized for:

The collective unconscious is to _____ as basic anxiety is to _____.

The data that provide evidence for the genetic influence on personality traits:

Dr. Duran showed his patient Adam a series of cards, each of which depicted an ambiguous scene, such as two people talking on a park bench, or an older woman looking over a young woman's shoulder. Dr. Duran asked Adam to tell him a story about the picture. What test is Dr. Duran using?

Dr. Klein frequently uses the _____ in her clinical practice to generate personality profiles on sixteen dimensions of personality, especially when she is counseling marital partners.

Dr. Romero asked her patient, Glen, to study a brightly colored image made by an inkblot on a card. She asked Glen to tell her what he "saw" in the image and took careful notes of his descriptions. What test is Dr. Romero using?

Early in his medical career, Freud investigated the anesthetic properties of:

Ego defense mechanisms:

Ethan and Holly were debating what would happen to society if the government collapsed and the military and police were disbanded. Holly felt strongly that although things would probably be chaotic at first, people would very naturally strive to help each other in constructive ways. Holly's views are most similar to those of:

Even before she enrolled in college, Diana's dream was to become a veterinarian. She is taking several college classes required to apply to a veterinary school. Diana's possible selves are likely to have a positive effect on:

Even though Mary was not thinking about the events surrounding the day when she graduated from high school, she can easily bring memories about that day to conscious awareness. In terms of Freud's theory of personality, Mary's memories are stored at the _____ level of awareness.

The field of behavioral genetics studies the:

A focus on similarities among people is to the _____ perspective as a focus on differences among people is to the _____ perspective.

Four-year-old Brooke throws a tantrum when her parents want to leave the playground and go home. Instead of punishing her, Brooke's parents patiently and lovingly try to teach Brooke a more acceptable way of coping with disappointment and frustration. Using Carl Rogers's terminology, Brooke is experiencing a high degree of _____ from her parents.

Freud used the term _____ to refer to sexual energy or motivation.

Gordon's 5-year-old son has recently become very possessive of his mother, pushing Gordon away whenever he tries to hug his wife. Freud would probably suggest that the little boy's behaviors reflect:

Graphology is:

Higher levels of neuroticism have been associated with _____ volume in one area of the hippocampus, a finding that has also been found in stress and major depressive disorder. Another region, the mid-cingulate cortex, which is believed to be associated with pain sensitivity, was _____ in individuals with higher levels of neuroticism.

Humanistic psychology is a view of personality that emphasizes:

Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers contended that the most basic human motive is:

Humanistic theories of personality have helped promote the scientific study of:

Identify the correct way in which the social cognitive perspective on personality differs from both the psychoanalytic and the humanistic perspectives.

In Carl Rogers's personality theory, the term _____ refers to a condition in which a person's emotions and experiences are consistent with his sense of self.

In contrast to Freud, Carl Jung believed that:

In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the disguised, symbolic meaning of dreams is called the _____ content.

In Freud's theory, if a parent overindulges or frustrates the child's expression of pleasurable feelings at a particular psychosexual stage of development:

In Freud's theory of personality, the _____ operates on the _____, which is the capacity to delay gratification until an appropriate time.

In what way is the social cognitive perspective on personality similar to the humanistic perspective on personality?

Irrational and chaotic is to the _____ as rational and reality-oriented is to the _____.

_____ is to trait theory as _____ is to social cognitive theory.

It was _____ who said, "To be human means to have inferiority feelings. But in the mentally healthy person this inferiority feeling acts as a motive for productivity, as a motive for attempting to overcome obstacles, to maintain oneself in life."

It was _____ who said, "One should be capable of giving in to others, of fighting, and of keeping to oneself. The three can complement each other and make for a

Jung believed that feminine and masculine qualities are represented in which of the following pairs of archetypes?

Jung was the first to describe the basic characteristics of which of the following personality types?

Kaitlin is a personality theorist who believes that a person's conscious thoughts in a particular situation are likely to influence his or her goals and behavior. Kaitlin is most likely to agree with which of the following perspectives on personality?

Many psychoanalytic ideas are difficult to test because:

The neo-Freudians agreed with Freud's notion that:

People who score high on neuroticism show _____ brain activation in response to negative images than people who score low on neuroticism.

Personality theories:

Sue had a dream in which all of her teeth fell out. According to her friend Lisa, who is interested in dream interpretation, this means that Sue is afraid of speaking up during meetings with her boss. Freud might say that _____ is an example of manifest content in this scenario.

Teena was given a widely used personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). This test differs from other self-report inventories, such as the MMPI, CPI, and 16PF, in that:

A trait is formally defined as a(n):

Trait theorists tend to believe that:

The two basic types of personality tests are:

Unconscious repentance is to the ego defense mechanism of _____ as going to the opposite extreme is to the ego defense mechanism of _____.

Very late in his life, Freud left Vienna and moved to England because:

Wendy often avoids trying or learning new tasks because she sees herself as inadequate, weak, and helpless. Alfred Adler would probably suggest that Wendy has developed _____ that keeps her from striving for mastery and self-improvement.

Which of the following is NOT a weakness of self-report inventories?

Which of the following is referred to as the "third force" in psychology?

Which of the following represents the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

While talking to another coworker, Doug makes many hateful comments about Brian behind his back. Later that morning when he sees Brian, Doug acts very friendly to Brian and offers to buy him lunch. Which ego defense mechanism best explains Doug's behavior?

Womb envy is to _____ as penis envy is to _____.