Texas Government Test 2 (Chapters 3&4) – Flashcards
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There are a variety of forms of local government in Texas, including
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special districts, counties, and cities.
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Approximately how many municipalities are there in Texas?
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1200
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Which of the following views of local government power dictates that local government should only have those powers expressly granted by the state?
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Dillon's Rule
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Approximately _______ percent of Texans reside in cities.
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52
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A typical percentage of voter turnout for a Texas local election is
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10 percent or less
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The minimum population requirement in Texas for becoming a city is
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201
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In Texas, a community with a population of less than 5,000 may become a(n)
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general-law city
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In Texas, if a community with over 5,000 people wanted to be incorporated as a city, it may be incorporated as a
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home-rule city
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A city charter does all of the following, except
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establish state law
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The process for removing an elected official during his/her term through a popular vote, is referred to as
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recall
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The main advantage that a home-rule city has over a general-law city is that a home-rule city
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has greater flexibility in its organization and operation
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While a municipal government may not pass a law that binds all Texans, it can pass a(n) _________, which has the force of law within the city
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ordinance
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In Texas, most general-law cities are
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very small in population
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An ordinance may be established by all but
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the state legislature.
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In Texas, all of following are unique to home-rule cities, except
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popular elections
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A proposed law arising from a citizen petition is called a(n)
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initiative
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If city voters want to repeal an existing city ordinance, they may do so through a(n)
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referendum
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In Houston, a strong mayor-council city, _____________appoints the chief of police and possesses veto power over ordinary majorities in the city council
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the mayor
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In Texas, cities operating with the strong mayor-council form of government have which of the following characteristics?
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All of the above are true
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Which is the most common form of municipal structure in Texas?
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The council-manager form
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None of the 10 largest cities in Texas
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have a weak mayor-council form of government.
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In the ___________ form of municipal government, the mayor shares appointive and removal power with a city council
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weak mayor-council
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Which form of municipal government is more likely to be responsive to the elite and the middle class than to the working class and ethnic minorities?
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Council-manager
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of a council-manager form of government?
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A mayor with power to veto council actions
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In theory, the council-manager form of government has
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a weak mayor
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Which of the following is true of political parties in Texas municipal elections?
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Candidates run without party labels in these nonpartisan elections.
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Historically, at-large elections in Texas cities have resulted in
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less diversity of representation
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Cities must redistrict every __________ years
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10
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To improve diversity among elected officials, some Texas local governments use a(n) ___________ system in which voters may cast a number of votes equal to the number of positions available
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cumulative voting
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A major job of municipal governments in Texas home-rule cities is to provide services like
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police, trash collection, and water
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The two largest sources of tax revenue for Texas municipalities are
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sales tax and property tax
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Most Texas cities struggle to provide basic services because
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all of the above contribute to the financial dilemma faced by Texas cities
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Since Texas voters tend to be resistant to property tax increases, municipal governments are often forced to
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all of the above are actions taken by municipal governments to deal with inadequate property tax revenue
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Under the Texas Constitution, counties
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are administrative arms of the state
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Functions performed by counties in Texas include
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conducting elections, registration of voters, and enforcing criminal law
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The number of counties in Texas is
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254
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To cut costs and introduce residents to e-technology, Bexar county created a
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bookless digital library where patrons scan their library card and check in and out virtual books
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Which Supreme Court case applied the "one-person, one-vote" principle to county precincts?
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Avery v. Midland County (1968)
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As a result of the Court's 1968 ruling in Avery v. Midland County, Texas counties must
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ensure there is an equal population in each precinct
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Adopting the county's budget and setting the property tax rate is the duty of the county
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commissioners court
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In most rural Texas counties, each county commissioner is individually responsible for
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building and maintaining county roads and bridges in his or her precinct
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Which elected county official has both administrative responsibility for most county agencies and judicial responsibilities?
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County judge
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In the 50 counties with no county attorney, the function is performed by
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a resident district attorney
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Which county official represents the state in civil and criminal cases and provides legal advice to county officials?
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County attorney
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Who has responsibility for enforcing the law and keeping the peace in each county?
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County sheriff
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Collecting vehicle county taxes and fees and registering voters is the responsibility of the
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county tax assessor-collector.
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Which county official is responsible for record keeping and conducting elections?
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County clerk
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In most counties, who receives and pays out county funds?
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County treasurer
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Of the following county officials, who is appointed by the district judge?
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County auditor
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Which is a common source of funding for counties?
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All of the above are sources of funding for counties
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As many as 400,000 Texans live in about 2,300 colonias, which are
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impoverished housing settlements often without running water or sewage systems
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A unit of local government performing a single function (such as providing schools or hospitals) for a designated geographic area is a
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special-district government
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Public education in the state of Texas is provided directly by
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local school districts
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Which of the following would not be an example of a special district?
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Congressional district
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The segment of Texas higher education that receives support from property taxes is the
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junior and community colleges
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Approximately how many noneducational special districts does Texas have?
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2,300
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Which of the following is a reason that Texas has so many special districts?
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All of the above are reasons why Texas has so many special districts
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About what percentage of Texans live in metropolitan areas?
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88%
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The term metro government refers to
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consolidating several existing local governments under one umbrella authority
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In Texas, voluntary associations of local governments that perform regional planning activities, among other things, are called
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councils of government
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The unincorporated area outside a city's boundaries into which it may annex is referred to as
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extraterritorial jurisdiction
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A political party is
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an organization that consists of individuals interested in controlling government by winning elections
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In Texas, the two leading political parties are the
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Democratic and Republican
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A general election is held in
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November of even-numbered years
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In Texas, a candidate may only win an office in a general election if he/she receives
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a plurality of the vote
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A stratarchy is
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a political system wherein power is diffused among and within levels of party organization
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The American political party system consists of
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national, state, county, and precinct levels
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In March 2012, a three-judge federal panel ordered a _______ primary election date for Texas
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May
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Primaries and conventions that nominate candidates, adopt platforms, and select delegates to higher level conventions are known as
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temporary party organizations
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Which of the following would be performed at a party's precinct convention?
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Nomination of delegates to the county convention
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Precinct conventions in Texas are usually
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lightly or sparsely attended
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Resolutions adopted at the precinct convention will be submitted first to the
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county or district convention
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District conventions are held in
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highly populated areas of the state like Bexar, Harris, and Dallas counties
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The main business of county and district conventions is to
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select delegates to the state convention
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According to the Texas Election Code, each political party in Texas must hold a ___________ in June of even-numbered years
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state convention
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Which of the following tasks is not performed every two years at the state party convention?
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Election of state legislators
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Which of the following happens at the party state convention during presidential election years only?
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Selection of potential presidential electors
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Each state receives a number of electoral votes equal to the
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number of seats each state has in Congress.
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How many electoral votes will Texas have in the presidential election of 2016?
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38
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In 2014, how did delegates to the state party conventions communicate their experiences and describe the proceedings to those outside the conventions?
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Via social media such as Facebook and Twitter
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Which of the following is not one of a party precinct chair's duties?
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Representing the party in lawsuits
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The party's county executive committee is
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comprised of all of the precinct chairs.
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As mandated by Texas state law, each party's state executive committee must
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be comprised equally of men and women
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The main role of a state party's chair is to be the party's
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key strategist and key spokesperson
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Returns from the party primaries for statewide office are counted (or "canvassed") by the
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state party executive committee
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Which term would best describe a politician that is generally opposed to government-managed or government-subsidized programs?
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Conservative
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A conservative would most likely support which of the following policies?
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A ban on same-sex marriages
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Which political label would best describe a politician that is in favor of government regulation of the economy, but limited government involvement on social issues?
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Liberal
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Liberals would most likely support which of the following policies?
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laws protecting a woman's right to equal pay for equal work
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When Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts, former slave owners and supporters of the Confederacy were
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purged as officeholders and denied the vote
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Political alliances during the Republic of Texas were based on
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personalities
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the history of the Texas political party system has tended toward
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Texas being a one-party state
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One of the reasons why Anglo voters opposed Governor E. J. Davis was that he
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appointed African Americans to office throughout the state
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During the period of Reconstruction that followed the Civil War (1865-1873), the __________ Party controlled Texas politics
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Republican
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After Reconstruction, which political party dominated in Texas for more than 100 years?
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Democratic
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Which political party during the latter part of the 19th century focused on agrarian issues and posed a challenge to the Democratic party of Texas?
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Populist
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At the turn of the 20th century, the Populist Party in Texas declined, largely due to
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the Democratic Party adopting its issues
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Beginning in the late 1940s, a majority of conservative Democrats in Texas began to support the
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national Republican candidates
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The fiercest political fighting in Texas between 1900 and 1950 was between
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liberal and conservative Democrats
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Who was the first Texas Republican elected in a statewide vote in the last half of the 20th century?
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John Tower
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What year did Texans elect their first Republican governor since Reconstruction?
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1978
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What year did Texans elect the first woman ever to represent the state in the U.S. Senate?
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1993
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Which Texas governor, elected in 1994, was successful as the Republican Party's candidate for President in 2000?
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George W. Bush
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In __________, for the first time since the primary system was established in Texas, Republican primaries were conducted in all 254 Texas counties.
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1996
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In which of the following decades did the Republican Party in Texas begin to win almost all of the statewide offices it challenged?
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1990s
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The closest presidential election of modern times was in
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2000, when Republican George W. Bush defeated Democrat Al Gore by four electoral votes
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In the Texas general election of 2000, which two parties had more candidates for statewide office than did the Democratic Party?
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Green and Libertarian
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Republicans won all statewide races in the _______ general election
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2002
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In the Texas general election of 2002, which trio was dubbed "the dream team" because of their expected appeal to Latino, African American, and Anglo voters?
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Sanchez, Kirk, and Sharp
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Changing demographic patterns in Harris and Dallas counties have
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shown an increase in Democrats due to increases in minority populations
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Which of the following is not true of the 2008 election?
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Democrats gained a majority in the Texas Senate for the second straight election
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In 2008, one reason why Obama won in Harris, Travis, Bexar, and Dallas counties was because of
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solid support from Latino and African American voters
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In 2010, Republicans in the Texas House of Representatives
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gained a supermajority for the first time since Reconstruction
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Which is true of the past three primary elections in Texas?
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More Republicans than Democrats turned out to vote
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The trend of voters abandoning their traditional political party allegiance is referred to as
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dealignment
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Which of the following geographic areas is not a Democratic stronghold in Texas?
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German Hill Country
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Which geographic area of Texas is not a Republican stronghold?
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Hispanic counties of South Texas
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A political party that is not one of the two major parties is referred to as a
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third party
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When a person votes for only candidates from one party, they are engaging in
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straight-ticket voting
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Which statement best describes the Libertarian Party?
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It supports limited government and maximum individual liberties
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In which of the following ways have third parties been least successful?
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Winning elections to national offices
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Of the third parties listed below, which probably has had the least influence on Texas politics?
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Fascist
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Which statement best describes the Green Party?
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It advocates environmental protection and government reform policies
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Candidates who run for office with no party affiliation are referred to as
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independents
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Which of the following were independent candidates who had a significant impact on a Texas election
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Richard S. "Kinky" Friedman and Carol Keeton Strayhorn