DAT Booster Test V (Biology) – Flashcards
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The way substances and waste in the kidney are removed from the blood is by...
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Filtration
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Segmentation is a characteristic of which three phyla?
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Arthropoda
Chordata (Vertebrates)
Annelida (ex: leech)
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Important examples of organisms in Phylum Echinodermata
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Starfish
Brittle stars
Sand dollars
Sea lilies
Sea urchins
Sea cucumbers
Sea daisies
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Important characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata
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Sessile (slow moving)
Radial symmetry in adults only
NOT segmented
Water vascular system present in their tube feet
Calcareous endoskeleton covered by thick skin
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Which animals (phylum) have a digestive tract with one opening?
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Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Tapeworms are a type of flatworm
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Important characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization
Lack body cavities
Digestive tract with one opening
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Classes within Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Turbellaria
- Excretory structure called flame cells
Trematoda
- All parasitic
- Mostly internal
Cestoda
- Tapeworms
- Organ of attachment called a scolex
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How old is the Earth?
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4.5 billion years old
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How old are prokaryotes?
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3.5 billion years old
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How old are eukaryotes?
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0.5 billion years old
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Which side of the lungs is bigger?
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The right lung
The left lung is smaller in order to allow room for the hear
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How many lobes does the right lung have?
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3 lobes
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How many lobes does the left lung have?
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2 lobes
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Which cell structures can be seen with a light microscope?
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Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Vacuole
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Which cell structures require an electron microscope in order to be seen?
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Mitochondria
Rough and smooth ER
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Lysosome
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What is an example of multiple alleles?
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Blood type
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Fungi are _________ and are known as _________.
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Chemoheterotrophic
Saprophytes (they live off dead organisms)
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Fungi exist primarily as...
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Filamentous hyphae
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A mass of hyphae is called...
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A mycelium
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How are fungal spores produced?
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Both sexually and asexually
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Do fungal spores (resting spores) protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions?
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NO
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The germination of fungal spores will not occur until...
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Environmental conditions are optimal for their survival
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How are peripheral membrane proteins held to the plasma membrane?
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Via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions
They are easier to remove than integral membrane proteins
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What is a system of plasmodesmata called?
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A symplast
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What is responsible for chlamydia's ability to spread from person to person?
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The elementary body
It is the non-replicating infectious particle that is released when infected cells rupture
It is analogous to a spore
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What are other names for the Calvin Cycle?
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The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) Cycle
The reductive pentose phosphate cycle
The C3 cycle of photosynthesis
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In humans, identical twins are possible because...
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Early blastomeres (cells) can form a complete embryo if isolated
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During cleavage, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of the cell...
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INCREASES
The cells become smaller, so there is more nucleus compared to cytoplasm
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What kind of enzymes are found in the acrosome of sperm?
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Hydrolases
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Microarrays use _____ fragments.
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DNA
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The relationship between oxpeckers and zebras is an example of...
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Mutualism
The oxpeckers eat ticks and parasites that live on the skin of the zebra
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A transplant of embryonic eye tissue to the back of a developing tadpole will cause a lens to grow on the back of the tadpole. What is this an example of?
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Induction - substances from one embryonic cell influence the development of other cells
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The single contractile unit of muscle is the ________.
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Sarcomere
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What type of cleavage occurs in deuterostomes?
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Radial and indeterminate
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What type of cleavage occurs in protostomes?
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Spiral and determinate
