Physics – Quarter 4 Quarterly – Flashcards

How does time pass differently for two objects traveling at different speeds?

Why do clocks ticks at different rates if you're on the moon compared to if your on Earth?

Explain 2 different ways in which mass can be converted into energy?

Theoretically, according to the Theory of Relativity, how could you go backwards in time?

Explain the term, "relativistic simultaneity"

What are the three components of an atom?

Electrons can only exist where inside of an atom?

The path of an electron's orbit around the nucleus most closely resembles what pattern?

When electron drops from a higher energy state to a lower energy state, what kind of particle is emitted?

What quantum phenomenon explains why electrons remain in a stable orbit instead of being pulled into the nucleus?

By scattering alpha particles from gold, Rutherford showed the atomic nucleus to be very

When Rutherford directed a stream of alpha particles at a gold foil, most particles

When Rutherford directed a stream of alpha particles at a gold foil, some particles

Alpha particles are normally repelled by atomic nuclei because

Some alpha particles pass through gold foil with very little deflection mainly because the

Some alpha particles fired at a gold foil bounced backward as a result of

The first to be credited for assigning the terms positive and negative to electricity was

Credit for research in our knowledge of the electron includes

A beam of electrons is employed in

Both electrons and protons have equal-magnitude

A beam of electrons can be deflected by a

The beam in a cathode-ray tube is composed of

Millikan was able to stop falling oil droplets in their paths by

When Millikan observed oil drops hovering at rest in his chamber, he knew that

What did Millikan measure in his oil-drop experiment?

Credit for research in our knowledge of atomic spectra includes

The spectral lines of atomic spectra are

Spectral lines for an element are often in the

When an electron drops from a higher energy level to a lower one, energy is emitted. In comparison, how much energy is required to reverse the process, going from the lower level to the higher level?

An excited hydrogen atom is capable of emitting radiation of

When an electron de-excites from the third quantum level to the second, and then to the ground state, two photons are emitted. The sum of the emitted frequencies equals the frequency of the single photon that would be emitted if de-excitation were from the third to

The rule stating that the sum of two emitted frequencies in an atomic spectrum equals a third frequency is attributed to the physicist

The rule stating that the sum of two emitted frequencies in an atomic spectrum equals a third frequency is consistent with

An excited atom decays to its ground state and emits a photon of green light. If instead the decay is to an intermediate state, then the light emitted could be

An excited atom decays to its ground state and emits a photon of red light. If instead the decay is to an intermediate state, then the light emitted could be

What was discovered in atomic spectra by physics pioneers Balmer, Rydberg, and Ritz?

The Ritz combination principle states that the sum of the

The Bohr model of the atom is akin to a

A problem with the Bohr model of the atom is that electrons circling the nucleus

Why electrons don't spiral into atomic nuclei is best explained by their

Physicists today consider the Bohr model of the atom to be

According to the Bohr model, an electron in an excited state of hydrogen can emit

Two spectral lines in a spectrum have frequencies of 2.0 x 1014 Hz and 4.6 x 1014 Hz. A higher-frequency line in the same spectrum likely has a frequency of

The discreteness of energy levels is best understood by considering the electrons to be

The discreteness of orbits of electrons in an atom are due to

The finding that electrons in an atom occupy a volume much greater than the volume of the nucleus is best explained by

According to de Broglie, constructive interference occurs when an orbiting wave

According to de Broglie, destructive interference occurs when an orbiting wave

Quantization of electron energy states in an atom is better understood in terms of the electron's

Discrete radii and energy states of atoms were first explained by electrons circling the atom in an integral number of

A beam of electrons has

The finding that electrons occupy discrete orbits in an atom was first explained by the

In the electron-wave model of the atom, the orbit of an electron in the ground state contains

In the electron-wave model of the atom, an electron in the second energy level contains

A stable electron orbit cannot exist if its circumference is

The probability cloud for the electron in the hydrogen atom has an average radius

Compared with the wavelengths of visible light, the wavelengths of matter waves in atoms are relatively

A hypothetical atom has four distinct energy states. Assuming all transitions are possible, the number of spectral lines this atom can produce is

The Schrödinger equation is most useful for describing

The thing that "waves" in the Schrödinger equation is a

Using the Schrödinger equation, scientists can calculate

Unlike Bohr, Schrödinger viewed electrons as

The correspondence principle applies to

A new theory conforms to the correspondence principle when it

According to the correspondence principle, a new theory must

The place from which motion is observed and measured is called

Fire a cannonball with enormous speed from a hypothetical cannon and it curves due to gravity. Shine a light from a flashlight parallel to the cannon and it

Light bends when it

If you move a clock from Earth to the Moon, the clock runs

In accordance with general relativity, a person living at the top of a skyscraper ages

How fast would a light beam appear to Einstein if he were traveling in the same direction at 90% of the speed of light?

According to general relativity, stronger gravitational fields cause time to pass

According to the special theory of relativity, all laws of physics are the same

According to Einstein, events that are simultaneous in one frame of reference

Two lightning bolts are seen to strike two distant locations at the same time. Seen from a different location, the two lightning bolts

The shrinking of objects due to motion is called length

A girl standing on the ground observes a rocket ship move past her at half the speed of light. Compared to the rocket's length at rest, she sees the rocket's length as

To outside observers at rest, the overall sizes of objects traveling at relativistic speeds are

If you move a clock from Earth to the Moon, the clock runs

In accordance with general relativity, a person living at the top of a skyscraper ages

According to general relativity, stronger gravitational fields cause time to pass

Which scientist came up with the Theory of Relativity?

If you were in a car driving towards a mountain at near the speed of light, the mountain would look

According to the equation E = mc2,

Which scientist came up with the Theory of Relativity?

The stretching out of time due to motion is called time

Compared to clocks in a stationary reference frame, clocks in a moving reference frame run

The speed of light is

Clocks on a spaceship moving at high speed relative to the Earth run more slowly when viewed from