PSY 160 CH 13 – Flashcards

1. The theorist who first proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop well into adulthood was: a. Freud. b. Erikson. c. Skinner. d. Vygotsky.

2. Most developmental theorists today believe that: a. stages of adult development are not orderly and predictable. b. adulthood is divided into a specific sequence of stages. c. intimacy always precedes generativity. d. generativity is rare before the age of 40.

3. Although Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role diffusion: a. is ongoing throughout adulthood. b. ends with the stage of intimacy versus isolation. c. ends with the stage of generativity versus stagnation. d. comes to fruition only after the stage of integrity versus despair.

4. What is one of Erikson's stages of adulthood? a. trust versus mistrust b. initiative versus guilt c. generativity versus stagnation d. industry versus inferiority

5. Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is in Erikson's final stage of adulthood, which is called: a. identity versus role confusion. b. industry versus inferiority. c. generativity versus stagnation. d. integrity versus despair.

6. People in Maslow's third level on the hierarchy of needs seek: a. self-actualization. b. safety. c. generativity. d. love and belonging.

7. According to the text, middle age, if it exists: a. is a time of crisis. b. occurs around age 40. c. could begin at 35 or 50 or anywhere between. d. is a more negative stage for men than women.

8. Research has shown that the _____ -- a period of unusual anxiety, reexamination, and transformation during middle adulthood proposed by Levinson -- has more to do with historical circumstances than actual age. a. cohort bridge b. ecological niche c. gender trajectory d. midlife crisis

9. An individual's _____ provides an example of developmental continuity. a. career b. personality c. life experience d. family relationships

10. Someone who is moody, anxious, and self-punishing is high in the trait of: a. openness. b. extroversion. c. conscientiousness. d. neuroticism.

11. Adults choose their _____ by selecting neighborhoods, mates, hobbies, and careers at least in part based on their personality traits. a. ecological niche b. kinkeeper c. Big 5 d. social convoy

12. Which personality trait tends to increase with age? a. extroversion b. openness c. agreeableness d. neuroticism

13. The Big Five personality traits were identified more than 30 years ago; now a proposed sixth trait, called _____, has been proposed. a. dependence on others b. introversion c. trustworthiness d. sense of responsibility

14. In class we discussed another trait that might complete the description of personality: a. Serenity b. Sensuality c. Sensibility d. Severity

15. The group of people that moves through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a: a. familial collection. b. social convoy. c. fictive kin. d. support network.

16. Randy moved across the country to advance his career. He soon developed a new group of coworkers and friends who became like a family to him. They served as his: a. kinkeeper. b. fictive kin. c. social convoy. d. clique.

17. An acquaintance who is not a friend but still has an impact on an adult's life is called a. A social convoy. b. A kinkeeper. c. A consequential stranger. d. Fictive kin.

18. As people age, their friendships tend to: a. dissipate. b. fade. c. stagnate. d. improve.

19. How does the relationship between siblings typically change from adolescence to adulthood? a. It improves if the siblings are of the same gender. b. It improves for brothers but not for sisters. c. Most siblings grow apart as they age. d. It improves to the point where they are often best friends.

20. Individuals who are accepted into a family that is not their legal or biological family are called: a. fictive kin. b. kinkeepers. c. social convoys. d. generative allies.

21. Adults now marry later in life, which is most often the result of: a. a rejection of partnership. b. heterosexuality. c. timing and formality. d. the scars left by so previous divorce.

22. Couples who cohabit due to convenience are: a. as happy as couples who cohabit with the intent to marry. b. happier than couples who marry. c. said to be "living apart together." d. less likely to have a happy marriage.

23. Which factor has the GREATEST long-term effect on a marriage's quality? a. not living together before marriage b. the partners' level of education c. the partners' personalities d. the number of times the partners change jobs

24. After children have grown, MOST couples find that: a. their financial strains are overwhelming. b. their happiness increases. c. there are more fights over equity in domestic work.

25. Current objective research data from a large, randomly selected sample of same-sex partners is: a. not yet available. b. available for specific areas in the United States. c. inconclusive about trends. d. available for indicators dealing with income and career status only.

26. An influential factor in divorce is: a. the years of education completed by each spouse. b. whether the couple owns a home. c. previous divorce of either partner. d. whether the couple has children.

27. What proportion of all first marriages end in divorce? a. one-eighth b. one-third c. two-thirds d. three-quarters

28. Approximately what proportion of divorces terminates an abusive or destructive relationship? a. one-quarter b. one-third c. one-half d. three-quarters

29. Which statement about remarriage in the United States is true? a. Most people remarry within two years of a divorce. b. Remarriage is more likely after 40. c. About 25 percent of marriages are remarriages for one partner. d. Men are more likely than women to remarry.

30. Rates of repartnering are highest for those who: a. have infants. b. have teenager children. c. are of the lowest SES. d. have the most education.

31. At least initially, remarriage brings which conditions? a. poorer health b. financial insecurity c. better health d. the same level of happiness as in the first marriage

32. According to Erikson, an adult's failure to achieve generativity results in: a. intermittent feelings of loneliness. b. stagnation and personal dissatisfaction. c. childlessness and depression. d. difficulties in mate selection or friendship.

33. According to Erikson, the developmental crisis that occurs after intimacy versus isolation is: a. initiative versus guilt. b. identity versus role confusion. c. generativity versus stagnation. d. integrity versus despair.

34. The primary form that generativity takes is: a. being guided by the younger generation. b. parenting or guiding a younger generation. c. belonging to a religious organization. d. volunteering in the community.

35. Approximately what proportion of adults in North America become stepparents, foster parents, or adoptive parents? a. one-eighth b. one-fourth c. one-third d. one-half

36. Families with stepchildren, foster children, or adoptive children experience greater challenges in developing secure attachments because: a. stepchildren frequently run away. b. some children remain strongly attached to their birth parents. c. the parents do not fully accept the children into their families. d. the parents' biological children in the family feel threatened.

37. Since they are called on to help both the older and younger generations of the family, middle-aged adults have been called the: a. midlife generation. b. family caregivers. c. kinkeepers.

38. The belief that family members should be supportive of one another even if it means sacrificing individual freedom and success is referred to as: a. an extended family. b. familism. c. a close-knit family. d. kinship.

39. When young people are first entering the workforce and establishing themselves in their career, what do they tend to consider as the most important? a. intrinsic rewards b. extrinsic rewards c. pride d. pension

40. With regard to paid work, older employees tend to have _____ compared to younger employees. a. less absenteeism b. more problems with lateness c. less job commitment d. more extrinsic motivation

41. Employment is _____ adult psychosocial health. a. absolutely necessary for b. not a key part of c. one factor contributing to d. rarely a positive contributor to

42. John and Angela have been married for 6 years. According to research on linked lives like theirs, which statement is most likely true? a. Angela now works more hours than before she was married. b. John's salary is notably less than had he stayed single. c. Angela's salary is notably less than had she stayed single. d. John now works more hours than before he was married.