Computer – Chapter 4 – Flashcards

Basic Disk - Uses primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical drives to organize data. A primary partition appears to the operating system as though it is a physically separate disk and can host an operating system. A primary partition that hosts and operating system is marked as the active partition.

Diskpart.exe (109) - Command-line utility that contains a superset of the commands that the Disk Management snap-in supports. In other words. DiskPart can do everything Disk Management can do and more. Does not have the built-in protections that Disk Management possess, and does not prohibit you from performing such actions. DiskPart provides absolute control over partitions and volumes.

Dynamic disk (109) - Dynamic disks can support five types of volumes: simple, spanned, striped, mirrored, and RAID-5 (Redundant Array of Independent Disks, Level 5). Able to contain an unlimited number of volumes that functions like primary partitions on a basic disk. You cannot access a dynamic disk from any operating system instance other than the one that converted it from basic to dynamic, which means you cannot use dynamic disks on multiport systems.

exFAT (111) - Introduced in Windows Vista SP1 the Extended File Allocation Table file system, also known as FAT 64 , is a 64-bit FAT implementation that is intended primarily for larger USB flash drives. The theoretical limitations of exFAT are partitions and files up to 64 (No Suggestions) in size, (1 (No Suggestions) equals 1 billion terabytes or 10 to the 21 power bytes) The recommended maximum size for exFAT partition in Windows 7 is 512 TB. The exFAT file system does not support the encryption and permission features found in NTFS, and therefore not recommended for use on Windows 7 hard disks.

FAT (file allocation Table) (111) - The original 16-bit FAT file system for hard disks, also known as FAT16, is limited to partitions no larger than 4 GB, which makes it virtually useless for today's computers.

FAT32 (111) - Using the 32-bit version of FAT, called FAT32, Windows 7 can create partitions up to 32 GB in size, with individual files up to 4 GB. Although these limits at one time seemed outlandishly large, they make FAT32 impractical file systems solution on computers today. The 32 GB maximum partition size is deliberate restriction in Windows 7, not an inherent limitation of FAT32. In fact, Windows 7 can access FAT32 partitions up to 2 TB in size; it just can't create them. This limitation is intended to prevent Windows performance degradation caused by larger FAT32 partitions.

Globally unique identifier (GUID) (134) is a 128 bit hexadecimal value that Windows uses to identify a particular operating system component. The value consists of fine numerical groups with 8, 4, 4, 4, and 12 hexadecimal digits, respectively, surrounded by curly brackets. When you use the GUID in subsequent commands, you must type the entire value precisely, including the brackets.

GUID (globally unique identifier) partition table (GPT) (107) - First introduced in Windows Vista, you can now use the GPT partition style on x86, as well as x64-based, Windows 7 computers. Supports up to 128 primary partitions. Supports volumes up to 18 Exabyte's in size. Data critical to platform operation is stored in partition rather than in hidden sectors. Replication and cyclical redundancy check (CRC)

Master boot record (MBR) (107) - The default partition style for x86 based and x64-based computers. Supports up to four primary partitions or three primary portions and one extended part ion, with unlimited logical drives on the extended partition. Supports volumes up to 2 terabytes in size. Data critical top platform operations is stored in hidden (unpartitioned) sectors. Replication and CRC are not features of MBR's partition table.

Consists of an equal amount of space from 2 disks, both of which must be dynamic disks. In a mirrored volume, each disk holds an identical copy of the data written on the volume as a fault tolerance measure. If one disk fails, the data remains accessible from the second disk. Because of the data redundancy, a mirrored volume only provides half as much storage space as any other volume type

Native boot - Enables you to create and modify VHDs in Windows 7 and even boot Windows 7 from a VHD, all without having to run a virtual machine manager product such as Virtual PC or hypervisor-based product such as Hyper-V

The preferred file system for Windows 7; its main benefits being improved support for larger hard drives and better security in the form of encryption and permissions that restrict access by unauthorized users.

Simple volume (110) - Consists of space form a single disk. Once you have created a simple volume, you can later extend it to multiple disks to create a spanned or striped volume, as long as it is not a system volume or boot volume. Windows 7 supports simple volumes on both basic and dynamic disks.

Scanned volume (110) - Consists of space from at least 2, to a maximum of 32, physical disks, all of which must be dynamic disks. A spanned volume is essentially a method for combining the space from multiple dynamic disks into a single large volume. Windows 7 writes to the panned volume by filling all of the space on the first disk, and then filling each of the additional disks in turn. You can extend a spanned volume at any time by adding additional disk space. Creating a spanned volume does not increase the read/write performance, nor does it provide fault tolerance. In fact, if a single physical disk in the spanned volume fails, all of the data in the entire volume is lost.

Striped volume (110) - Consists of space from at least 2, to a maximum of 32, physical disks, all of which must be dynamic disks. The difference between a striped volume and a spanned volume is that in a striped volume, the system writes data one stripe at a time to each successive disk in the volume. Stropping provides improved performance because each disk drive in the array has time to seek the location of its next stripe while the other drives are writing. Do not provide fault tolerance, and you cannot extend them after creation. If a single physical disk in the striped volume fails, all of the data in the entire volume is lost.

Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) (130) - Contains the entire contents of a hard disk of a hard disk in a single, portable file that administrators can use to move entire virtual machines (VMs) from one host computer to another. In the logical environment of a virtual machine, a VHD functions exactly like a hard disk drive does in a physical machine.

Digital Signed

Fragmentation

exFAT

Partitions on basic disks and Volumes on dynamic disks

FAT32

Checksum

DiskPart

Backup Operator or Administrator group

Master Boot Record (MBR)

Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL)

FALSE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE