U.S. History Study Guide – Flashcards
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What was a constitutional issue that was frequently raised about the U.S. Involvement in the Korean conflict/Vietnam conflict?
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Congress didnt formally declare war(congress declares war, not the president)
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What was the War Powers Act of 1973?
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Limited the powers of the president to send troops into combat abroad. (National emergency, etc.)
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What country did President Nixon visit in 1972, which helped to reduce tensions between the U.S. and this communist country?
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People's Republic of China (Communist China)
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What was the Watergate scandal?
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Break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters (Watergate complex in Washington D.C.). They also attempted to cover it up(Nixon and his men)
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What were two main results of the Watergate controversy?
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1)Nixon resigned from office(1974)
2)Trust in elected officials were undermined
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What did the Supreme Court rule in the 1973 United States v. Nixon case about executive privilege?
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It only protects the president in his official capacity as president. (Watergate scandal was a personal issue)
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During the presidency of George W. Bush, relations with France, Germany, and Russia were strained when those nations opposed...
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the United States invasion of Iraq
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Which action did the federal government take in response to Cold War tensions after World War II and again in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks?
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Started to monitor people suspected of endangering our National Security
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President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs built on ideas set forth in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal by...
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Expanding the social-welfare programs
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U.S. Supreme Court upheld most of...in the NFIB V. Medicaid and King V. Burwell cases.
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The affordable cases react (Obama Care)
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Al-Qaeda founder...was eliminated.
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Osama Bin Laden
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The...was increased by $6.167 trillion (now $19 trillion)
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National debt
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U.S. Military forces were..., including 165,000 fewer U.S. Troops in...and...
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Reduced, Afganistan, Iraq
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Both President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Barak Obama made banking and financial reforms during their presidency to...
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Stabilize the National economy
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What is the main idea of the cartoon about Medicare and Social Security entitled "Going Dark"?
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Medicare/social security may die out (in jeopardy) by the time it reaches our generation
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Many American corporations contributed to the concern that he American economy is becoming too dependent on China as shown in the above cartoon by...
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Establishing manufacturing facilities overseas
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The Reagan administration tried to deal with the situation described in this statement by...
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Limiting the role of the federal government(government doesn't interfere)
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During the 1950s and 1960s, which civil rights leader advocated black separatism?
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Malcolm X
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Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were adopted in Southern States primarily to...
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Keep African-Americans from voting
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In 1896, deprecate but equal public facilities were legal:
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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In 1954, racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendment:
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Brown v. Board of Education
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-"Jackie Robinson Breaks Color Barrier in Major League Baseball"
-"President Truman Issues Executive Order Desegregating Armed Forces"
-"NAACP Challenges School Segregation"
These headlines are most closely associated with...
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The beginning of the Modern Civil Rights Movement
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The principal goal of the Freedom Rides as described in the quotation by Senator Robb was to...
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Achieve racial integration of public facilities
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Which circumstance is most clearly illustrated by this photograph of an African American soldier looking at the "Colored Waiting Room" sign?
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There was discrimination even while serving the country
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During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, activities of the Congress of Racial Equality, the National Urban League, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) showed that...
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They had different approaches that can be used to achieve a common goal.
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What bill passed in 1964 as a result of events such the sit-ins at whites-only lunch counters in Greensboro, North Carolina; Martin Luther King Jr.'s March on Washington, D.C..; and the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama?
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953-1969) is considered one of the most liberal in United States history because...
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He expanded civil rights , supported the rights of the accused, etc.
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The U.S. created the Marshall Plan (1947), which gave...
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Europe aid (economy/$) after the war(damage)
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As a result of the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, what occurred?
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Cold War tensions increased
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The Truman Doctrine, the Berlin Airlift, and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were actions taken by the U.S. to prevent the...
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Spread of communism into Western Europe
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George Kennan is suggesting that the United States should...
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Perdue a policy to stop communism/the spread of Soviets
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State the cause and effect of the 2 events described in these newspaper headlines(spaceships and astronauts)
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The launch of the Sputnik(cause), U.S. Expanded their space program/sent the first man to the moon(effect)
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In the 1960s, a common goal of President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps was to...
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Continue to help developing nations/contain communism
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Both the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty(SALT) of 1972 were attempts to...
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Ease the Cold War tensions
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A similarity between the Red Scare of the 1920s and McCarthyism in the 1950s was Thad during each period...
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Civil liberties of American citizens were threatened
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What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950s?
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Much fear was created by the Cold War
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In urging the United States to become the "arsenal of democracy," Franklin D. Roosevelt meant the nation should...
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Provide war materials/supplies
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These posters about "doing with less" and "separating different metals for scrapping" we're trying to convince Americans that winning World War II required...
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That the American citizens must conserve certain, scarce resources
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The entrance of the United States into World War II was preceded by American aid to help...
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Great Britain defend itself against the Germans
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African Americans fight for a...victory-one...and the other at...against...
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Double, overseas, home, prejudice/discrimination
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The campaign become a symbol of...for many African Americans.
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Pride/courage
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The campaign...some of the white establishment. The U.S. military...African American newspapers from its libraries and...sought to indict African American publishers for treason.
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Alarmed, banned, J.Edgar Hoover
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The Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld Executive Order 9066, which had authorized the...
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Exclusion of the Japanese Americans from the West Coast
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What did the Nuremburg War Crimes trials established?
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International legal precedent, that individuals who violate human rights should be accountable for their actions
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Where did the Dust Storms shown in the photograph mainly occur during the 1930s?
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The Great Plains
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Many farmers in the region affected by the conditions during the 1930s, as shown in this photograph, reacted by...
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Moving to California (migration)
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Which policy of Republican presidents in the 1920s is most consistent with the positions stated below? The federal government should...
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Limit foreign commitments m/assist busknesses
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During the 1920s, what were the economic weaknesses that helped bring about the Great Depression?
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There was too much stock market speculation, installment buying, and buying on credit
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What conditions are most characteristic of an economic depression?
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High unemployment; businesses were producing too much (overproduction)/laying people off
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The movement of people described below was mainly because of...
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The effects of severe drought conditions of the Great Plains
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The March of the "Bonus Army" and referring to shantytown as "Hoovervilles" in the early 1930s illustrate...
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Growing discontent with Republican efforts to deal with the Great Depression
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The New Deal changed American political thinking because it was based on the principle that the federal government should...
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Attempt to solve social/economic problems
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What is the main idea of the Trojan Horse cartoon? The New Deal...
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Is going to threaten the Constitution/ the American people
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What act did President Franklin D. Roosevelt sign that helped organized labor gain strength during the New Deal?
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The Nation Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
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New Deal programs tried to stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression by...
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Creating public works jobs
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Which conclusions most clearly supported by the information in the Depression Era Unemployment Statistics chart?
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In 1941 unemployment rates went down, due to WWII (war have people jobs)
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The New Deal legislation was based on...taking some responsibility for people's welfare.
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The Federal Government
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What actions were caused of WWII?
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-unrestricted warfare
-Zimmerman telegram
-tied to the British(gave them $)
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The disclosure of this document contributed to...
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The entry of the U.S. Into WWI
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The vote by the United States Senate on the treaty if Versailles (1919) demonstrated...
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The unwillingness to join the League of Nations
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President Theodore Roosevelt strengthened the Monroe Doctrine by establishing the policy that the United States would...
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Not intervene with Latin America interference
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A major result of the Spanish-American war (1898) was that the U.S. have...
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A more prominent role in the world wars
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A major reason for Commodore Matthew Perry's 1854 visit to Japan was to...
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Open U.S. trade relations with Japan
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The establishment of the Open Door Policy (1899-1900) and the response to the Boxer Rebellion (1900) showed that the United States wanted to...
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Gain access to Chinese markets
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These 1898 headlines are best understood as an example of...
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Yellow journalism
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The purpose of these headlines was to build public support...
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for the Spanish War
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The cartoon illustrated the actions of President Theodore Roosevelt in...
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Securing the land to build the canal
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Critics of the actions shown in this cartoon claimed President Theodore Roosevelt was following a policy of...
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Imperialism
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Name some push factors-reasons they pushed people from countries of their birth during the late 1800s and early 1900s
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-no jobs/land
-religious persecution
-political persecution
-forced to work/serve in military
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Name some pull factors-reasons that pulled immigrants to America in the late 1800s and early 1900s
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-freedom
-jobs
-land
-money
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What group of people strongly supported an open immigration policy during the late 1800s and why?
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Industrialists because they needed workers to work in their factories
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What is being said in Emma Lazarus' 1883 poem "The New Colossus," which is inscribed on the Statue of Liberty?
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People from all nations are welcome
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Why were Irish immigrants often discriminated against during the 1850s?
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For the religion (Catholic)
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What problems were faced by immigrants living in city tenements?
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-overcrowded
-unsanitary
-diseases(spread quickly)
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In the late 1800s, what factor contributed the most to urbanization?
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Industrialism
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During the second half of the 1800s, the growth of American cities led to...
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-development of tenement housing
-expansion of political machines
-crime increases
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What are quotas and why were quota laws made?
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-They were taking away jobs (jobs for native people)
-made to save jobs for people that originally lived in America
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A main goal of the Americanization of schools for immigrants was to promote assimilation. What is assimilation?
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Process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture
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How did John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan feel about the following?
-Economic competition is...
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Inefficient and wasteful
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-Labor unions are...
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Harmful to the economy
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-natural resources...
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Can be used for private gain
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Henry Ford used the assembly line production method, which led directly to a decrease in the_____ of______
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Cost, cars
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Laissez-faire economics and Social Darwinism were used during the late 1800s to justify_______ business growth.
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Unregulated
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Why were business leaders John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons?
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They were ruthless.
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What is the main message of the above cartoon on Standard Oil Company? Standard Oil Company used its...
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Economic power to influence government decisions
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What is the responsibility of the wealthy according to Andrew Carnegie?
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Share their excess wealth with the community
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How did Andrew Carnegie carry out the ideas expressed in his quotation above on wealth?
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He funded many libraries and educational institutions.
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Under vertical integration, Andrew Carnegie could control...
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The many different businesses that made up all steel development
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Under horizontal integration, John D. Rockefeller...
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Could bring many firms that were in the same business
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By controlling the industry using the vertical/horizontal integration method, the industrialist could...
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Lower his costs and drive his competitors out of business
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In the beginning, politicians did not stop these industrial giants from graininess a...
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Monopoly
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What is he main idea of the 1883 cartoon by Bernhard Gillam, "The Protectors of our Industries"?
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The wealthy are benefitting from the citizens of the working class
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How was the problem shown in the cartoon addressed during the late 1800s?
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A labor union was organized.
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Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act of 188, the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, and the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, in response to...
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Promoting fair competition between business and preventing monopolistic practices harmful to small businesses
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Jacob Riis and Ida Tarbell are best known in their efforts to...
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Create awareness about social problems
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In 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act were passed in attempt to...
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Ensure the safety of American consumers
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Primaries, the secret ballot, and the use of referendum and recall were efforts made during the Progressive Era to...
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Increase citizen participation in government
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The basic problem identified in this speech(Susan B. Anthony) was addressed in 1920 by...
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Constitutional amendment granting suffrage to women
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During the Progressive Era, support for a graduated income tax was primarily based on the...
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Resentment over the unequal distribution of wealth and desire to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor
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Name the book and author responsible for prompting investigation illustration in the cartoon "A Nauseating Job, But It Must Be Done"
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"The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair
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In 1906, the federal government responded to the situation shown in the cartoon by authorizing...
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Government inspection of meat processing plants
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Which statement best summarizes the perspective of President Theodore Roosevelt concerning natural resources?
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The federal government must protect the nation's land from exploitation.
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In the early 20th century, muckrakers were able to influence American Society mainly by...
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Exposing corruption in business and government
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Which event of the 1920s best reflects the conflict in American society between science and religion?
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The Scopes Trial
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The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s expanded the influence of African Americans by...
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Promoting the artistic contributions of African Americans
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Which factor contributed most to the repeal of national Prohibition in 1933?
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The inability of government to enforce the law
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The prosperity of the United States in the mid-1920s resulted in part from...
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Increased demand for new consumer goods
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"Public Ignores Prohibition Restrictions"
"Evolution and Creation Debated in Scopes Trial"
"Women Bring Change to the Industrial Workforce"
What do the headlines such as these from the 1920s illustrate?
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Conflict between traditional and modern values
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Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, and Bessie Smith are most closely associated with efforts to...
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Promote the cultural identity of African Americans through the arts
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The Scopes Trial and the Sacco and Vanzetti case both involved...
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Clashes over cultural values
