Human Relations [Chapters 1-4 Terms] – Flashcards

Study of relationships among people.

A group of interrelated items or parts that act as a whole; all parts are connected to all other parts and are affected by at least one other part, and each part affects the whole.

Study of management that focused on the technical efficiency of work as a way to maximize production.

Study of management that focused on techniques to motivate workers.

The idea that the human element is more important to productivity than the technical or physical aspects of the job. The effect was identified through experiments conducted by Mayo.

Branch of management that began after World War II and was used to solve complex management problems. The computer has played an important part in this school.

Mathematical models that assist managers with planning and controlling factors such as inventory, product mixes, and sales forecasts.

Computer and information networks that link people in different ("remote") locations, so that they can interact and share work as if they were located in one office building

Term coined to describe people, frequently based at home, who use technology networks to send and receive work and information to and from different locations, locations (such as offices) to which they would once have needed to commute.

Sharing an office space in your company's building through reservations.

Your feelings, impulses to act, and mind and body reactions; examples include anger, sadness, fear, enjoyment, love, surprise, disgust, and shame.

Your ability to recognize and manage your feelings and those of others; it relates to keeping your emotions in check and using them in a thoughtful way.

A practical, useful way in which we handle emotions on the job or in life.

Knowing yourself on an emotional level to recognize and understand your moods, emotions, and drives and how they affect you and others.

Entails your ability to control or redirect impulses and moods that are disruptive as well as to stop and think before acting.

Needs or drives within individuals that energize behaviors.

The action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another.

The ability to get along well with others as well as to manage relationships and build networks; this also includes finding things in common with others and building rapport.

(1) Way in which we interpret or give meaning to sensations or messages; (2) The first stage in the creative process requiring that we view objects or situations differently.

A process by which an individual assumes that another's traits are all positive because one trait is positive.

A process by which an individual assumes that another's traits are all negative because one trait is negative.

A competency for self-awareness that is essential for success; it reflects how sure you are about your self-worth and capabilities.

Feelings about yourself that can be positive or negative. These affect your daily outlook.

Revealing information to others about yourself.

Information given back to a sender that evaluates a message and states what the receiver understood.

Unconscious strategies that serve to protect our feelings of self-worth as well as help us avoid or reduce threatening feelings, although they may keep us from confronting the real problem.

A defense mechanism in which a person refuses to believe something that creates anxiety or frustration.

A defense mechanism by which an individual cannot remember an unpleasant event.

A defense mechanism by which a person explains away a problem.

A defense mechanism whereby a person reverts to an earlier behavior pattern.

A defense mechanism that relieves anxiety by blaming other persons or groups for problems.

A defense mechanism whereby individuals attribute unacceptable thoughts or feelings about themselves to others.

A defense mechanism by which an individual acts out anger toward a person who does not deserve it but who is a "safe" target.

A defense mechanism by which an individual directs unacceptable impulses into socially accepted channels.

A defense mechanism in which individuals attempt to relieve feelings of inadequacy or frustration by excelling in other areas.

Making positive statements to ourselves.

A thought process by which you view yourself being successful.

The process of expressing your thoughts and feelings while asking for what you want in an appropriate, calm, and confident manner.

Basic needs required to sustain life, such as food, water, air, sleep, and shelter.

Needs that include security, affiliation or love, respect, and autonomy; developed as a result of an individual's values and beliefs.

Motivation theory that recognizes five levels of needs. Individuals are motivated by the needs within each specified level. When these needs are met, individuals are no longer motivated by that level and move upward.

A level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs that includes the desire for food, sleep, water, shelter, and other physiological drives.

A level of Maslow's hierarchy that centers on the desire for meaningful affiliation with others, such as love, affection, and acceptance.

Level of Maslow's hierarchy that includes the need for respect from self and others and that can be met by increased responsibility, recognition for work well done, and merit increases and awards.

A level of Maslow's hierarchy that includes the need for personal growth, freedom of creative expression, and using one's abilities to the fullest extent.

A popular theory of motivation that says two sets of factors or conditions influence the behavior of individuals at work: one set to satisfy and the other to motivate.

Factors identified by Herzberg that are necessary to maintain a reasonable level of satisfaction, such as working conditions, job security, quality of supervision, and interpersonal relationships on the job.

Factors identified by Herzberg that build high levels of motivation, such as achievement, advancement, recognition, responsibility, and the work itself.

A motivational theory that states that through upbringing, individuals acquire a strong desire for one of three primary needs: achievement, affiliation, and power.

A theory that views motivation as a process of choices and says people behave in certain ways based on their expectation of results.

Forces that motivate; can be outside, inside, or early.

Process by which we exchange information through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.

The content of the communication sent or received; may be verbal, nonverbal, or written.

Person who transmits, or sends, the message.

One to whom a message is transmitted; one who receives the message.

The study of the meanings and the changing meanings of words.

An inability to continue processing and remembering information because of the great amount coming at us at one time.

Conditions in which something occurs that can throw light on its meaning.

The form in which a message is communicated.

A conscious effort to listen to both the verbal and nonverbal components of what someone is saying, without prejudging.

Any message sent or received through oral words; effective spoken communication is clear, direct, and to the point.

Reminders to improve writing; complete, concise, correct, courteous and conversational/clear.

Meaning conveyed through the body, the voice, or the position.