Chapter 12 (Question Bank) Lecture Exam IV – Flashcards

Which is not a general function of the nervous system? A. Transporting materials throughout the body B. Collecting information C. Processing and evaluating information D. Responding to information E. No exceptions; all are general functions of the nervous system

The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the _____ division. A. motor B. cranial C. ganglial D. efferent E. sensory

Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system? A. Conducts impulses from the CNS B. Transmits impulses to muscles and glands C. Transmits impulses from the viscera D. Voluntary control of skeletal muscle E. Involuntary control of the heart

Which is not characteristic of neurons? A. High mitotic rate B. High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons

Conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete: A. a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target. B. a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target. C. several types of neurotransmitter simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target. D. several types of neurotransmitter simultaneously, that are broadcast to excite and inhibit multiple targets. E. several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus? A. Dendrite B. Axon C. Soma D. Axon hillock E. Telodendrion

Where are synaptic knobs located? A. At the tips of telodendria B. At the ends of dendrites C. Within the cell body D. Along axon collaterals E. At the axon hillock

The cytoplasm within a cell body of a neuron is called the: A. soma. B. perikaryon. C. neurokaryon. D. chromatophilic substance. E. chromatophobic substance.

What structures extend into the axon and dendrite of a neuron to provide tensile strength? A. Motor filaments B. Nissl bodies C. Telodendria D. Neurofibrils E. Collateral fibers

Fast axonal transport is: A. passive and only occurs in the anterograde direction. B. passive and only occurs in the retrograde direction. C. active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the anterograde direction. D. active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the retrograde direction. E. active (requires ATP) and can occur in either the anterograde or retrograde direction.

Based on function, 99 percent of neurons are: A. sensory neurons. B. motor neurons. C. unipolar neurons. D. bipolar neurons. E. interneurons

The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are: A. sensory neurons. B. motor neurons. C. accessory neurons. D. correlation neurons. E. interneurons.

Which functional class of neurons lies entirely within the central nervous system? A. Bipolar neurons B. Sensory neurons C. Interneurons D. Unipolar neurons E. Motor neurons

A mixed nerve refers to one that contains both: A. cranial and spinal nerve fibers. B. sensory and motor neurons. C. unipolar and bipolar neurons. D. an endoneurium and an epineurium. E. presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

When transmission occurs at a synapse, neurotransmitter is released by: A. the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft. B. the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft. C. the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft. D. the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles. E. the postsynaptic neuron's telodendria into the axon hillock.

Glial cells differ from neurons in that they: A. are larger and capable of meiosis. B. are smaller and capable of mitosis. C. are found only in the CNS. D. are found only in the PNS. E. transmit nerve impulses much more slowly.

What is the most abundant glial cell in the CNS? A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Microglial cell E. Oligodendrocyte

The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell that defends the body against pathogens is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell that protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia is the: A. satellite cell. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. astrocyte. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell with the responsibility of occupying the space left by dead or dying neurons is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell that provides structural support and organization to the CNS is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

The glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS is the: A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte

What do all glial cells have in common? A. They help to transmit the nerve signals. B. They transfer blood to the various neurons. C. They assist neurons in their respective functions. D. They all attack pathogens. E. They absorb extra blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to: A. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath. B. their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage. C. their proximity to white bone. D. the white color of the perivascular feet. E. the covering of ependymal cells.

Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte? A. Each neurolemmocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously. B. A neurolemmocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier. C. Neurolemmocytes function only within the CNS. D. Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1 mm portion of a single axon. E. A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte? A. Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously. B. An oligodendrocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier. C. Oligodendrocytes function only within the PNS. D. Each oligodendrocyte can wrap only a 1 mm portion of a single axon. E. A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along: A. myelinated axons. B. dendrites. C. unmyelinated axons. D. axons in the PNS. E. axons in the CNS.

A nerve: A. contains a single axon. B. is found only in the CNS. C. carries only sensory information. D. carries information only toward the PNS. E. is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

Which choice correctly orders the connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer? A. Perineurium ( epineurium( endoneurium B. Perineurium ( endoneurium( epineurium C. Epineurium ( perineurium( endoneurium D. Epineurium ( endoneurium( perineurium E. Endoneurium ( perineurium( epineurium

The endoneurium is composed of: A. dense regular connective tissue. B. simple squamous epithelium. C. dense irregular connective tissue. D. areolar connective tissue.

The epineurium is composed of: A. dense regular connective tissue. B. simple squamous epithelium. C. dense irregular connective tissue. D. areolar connective tissue. E. pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.

The connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons is the: A. epineurium. B. endoneurium. C. perineurium. D. endosteum. E. periosteum.

Typically, the resting membrane potential of a neuron is: A. 7 V. B. 700 mV. C. -7 V. D. -70 mV. E. 0 mV.

In neurophysiology, the term summation refers to the addition of: A. action potentials at the node of Ranvier. B. postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment. C. excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor. D. resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain. E. presynaptic hyperpolarizations.

When voltage-gated K+ channels open on the conductive segment of a neuron: A. potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value. B. potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value. C. potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value. D. potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value. E. potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a positive value.

The hyperpolarization that occurs at the end of an action potential is due to the prolonged: A. open state of voltage-gated sodium channels. B. closure of chemically gated sodium channels. C. open state of voltage-gated potassium channels. D. closure of voltage-gated potassium channels. E. open state of chemically gated sodium channels.

When a nerve impulse reaches the transmissive segment of a neuron: A. calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels. B. calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles. C. calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis. D. calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob. E. calcium is immediately pumped out of the neuron and vesicles of neurotransmitter undergo phagocytosis

Arrival of an action potential at the synaptic knob results in: A. opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and diffusion of calcium into the synaptic knob. B. opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and diffusion of calcium out of the synaptic knob to the interstitial fluid. C. closure of voltage-gated calcium channels in the synaptic knob membrane. D. opening of chemically gated calcium channels and diffusion of calcium into the synaptic knob. E. opening of chemically gated calcium channels and diffusion of calcium out of the synaptic knob to the interstitial fluid.

Saltatory conduction occurs in: A. myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes. B. myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath. C. myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon. D. unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon. E. the axon terminal, where full size action potentials occur at the hillock.

The slowest category of nerve fibers are the: A. A fibers, and they conduct impulses at 10 meters per second. B. C fibers, and they conduct impulses at 1 meter per second. C. D fibers, and they conduct impulses at 0.1 meter per second. D. C fibers, and they conduct impulses at 100 meters per second. E. D fibers, and they conduct impulses at 0.01 meter per second.

Catecholamines are a subtype of __________ neurotransmitter. A. acetylcholine B. neuropeptide C. monoamine D. amino acid E. soluble gas

The monoamine that has functions related to sleep, appetite, cognition, and mood is: A. dopamine. B. serotonin. C. norepinephrine. D. acetylcholine. E. epinephrine.

The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is: A. glutamate. B. valine. C. GABA. D. serotonin. E. serine

When a neuromodulator slows the reuptake of a neurotransmitter or causes expression of an increased number of receptors on postsynaptic neurons, the effect is called: A. facilitation. B. temporal summation. C. spatial summation. D. presynaptic potentiation. E. recruitment.

As an axon approaches the cell onto which it will terminate, it generally branches repeatedly into several: A. teloaxons. B. dendrites. C. collateral axons. D. telodendria. E. neurolemmocytes.

Choose the answer that correctly lists, in chronological order, the events involved in synaptic transmission. a: A nerve impulse reaches the synaptic knob. b: Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft. c: A nerve impulse begins in the postsynaptic cell. d: Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the postsynaptic cell. e: A voltage change occurs in the postsynaptic cell. A. a, c, b, d, e B. a, b, e, d, c C. c, b, d, e, a D. a, b, d, e, c E. c, a, b, d, e

There are two types of synapses, based on mode of communication. What are they? A. Mechanical and chemical B. Magnetic and physical C. Physical and chemical D. Chemical and electrical E. Mechanical and electrical

Of the two types of synapses, based on mode of communication, which is less common but allows faster signal transmission? A. Chemical synapse B. Mechanical synapse C. Physical synapse D. Magnetic synapse E. Electrical synapse

Billions of CNS interneurons are grouped in complex patterns called neuronal: A. networks. B. complexes. C. pools. D. meshes. E. webs.

Which is not a type of neuronal pool? A. Converging B. Triangular-pre-discharge C. Diverging D. Parallel-after-discharge E. Reverberating

The type of neuronal circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

The type of neuronal circuit that uses feedback to produce a repeated, cyclical stimulation of the circuit is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

The type of neuronal circuit in which several neurons process the same information at one time is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

The type of neuronal circuit that spreads information from one presynaptic neuron to several postsynaptic neurons is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

What type of circuit would you use to solve a higher-order mathematical problem? A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

What type of circuit is used to maintain body posture while walking? A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

You walk into a restaurant and amidst the sights, sounds, and smells of food preparation, you notice that you have begun to salivate. This is evidence that a particular neuronal circuit has been activated. Which one? A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

The type of neuronal circuit that ensures that we continue to breathe while asleep is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct

Neural stem cells in the CNS: A. have no known function. B. can only form glial cells. C. can form new neurons throughout the CNS. D. can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus. E. can migrate to the PNS as needed.