AP Human Geography Industrialization – Flashcards

rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water

a process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities; refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities

a location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another

industries whose products weigh less than the raw materials

industries whose products weigh more than the raw materials

profit-oriented global economy based on production for sale

rapid economic and political change that transforms a country into a stable nation

companies that have diversified into various economic activities usually through a process of mergers and acquisitions

the dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration

process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly industrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment

a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploration of poor nations by rich ones

the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

the improvement of living standards by economic growth

the branch of geography concerned with the production and distribution of commodities

economic development strategy which emphasizes production for export

industry in which the cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for the location of firms

the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance

coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals

an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere due to greenhouse gases

total dollar value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a single year

output per person

warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to 1850

the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for functioning of a country or area

the specialization, by countries, in particular products for export

the largest lowland of Japan, which extends from the Japanese Alps east to the Pacific

fiber-spinning, weaving, or cutting and sewing locations where labor costs are low

a logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of economic activities and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated

the influence on a firm's locational decision by locations chosen by its competitors

factories built by the US companies in Mexico near the US border, to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico

the modernization and industrialization of Japan in the 1800's

model of economic development maintains that all countries go through five stages of development

a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development

a country in an earlier stage of development

a free trade agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico that encourages free trade between the North American countries

transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries

countries in the transition stage between developing and developed countries. Typically have rapidly growing countries

in Manchuria, centered on the region's coal and iron deposits near the city of Shenyang

dozen or so individuals who took advantage of the rapid privatization of Japanese property to amass huge personal fortunes thus controlling most of Japan's medias, bank, and raw-material companies

an economic and social region including the countries surrounding the Pacific Ocean

societies where technology supports a service and information based economy

economic activities in which natural resources are made available for use or further processing, including mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing

that part of the economy which extracts raw materials to use for other things

uses natural resources or raw materials; provides raw materials to use for other things

manufacturing raw materials into refined materials

amount of resource we can get economically

undiscovered deposits

jobs that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information

made the theory of modernization

1) traditional - farming, 2) preconditions for takeoff - commercial exploitations of materials, 3) take off - massive investment and produce goods for manufacturing, 4) drive to maturity - wealth goes up, 5) age of mass consumption

economic activities concerned with the processing of raw materials such as manufacturing, construction, and power generation

the part of the economy that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods

regions that consist of one or more core areas of industrial development with subsidiary cluster from some distance away

manufacturers that produce goods for one type of market

location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plan, such as land, labor, and capital

refers to any phenomenon that alters the qualities of and relationship between space and time

a generic term to refer to only one modern economic zone

principle that maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest. Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g. labor) for another (e.g. capital for automated equipment) in order to achieve optimum plant location

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

those industries providing services both private and public

groups of countries with formalized systems of trading agreements

large corporations that are headquartered in one country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries

extra money added to a product for laboring cost

the firm's ability to capture a market that will earn it more customers and money than its competitors

first explained economic development in 1974 using model of the capitalist world economy

invented the steam engine

developed a model for the location of secondary industries