MasteringMicro Ch 15 – Flashcards

Portals of entry for Mucous Membranes

Portals of entry for skin

Portals of entry for the Parental Route

Endotoxins are also known as -cytokines. -interleukin-1. -Lipid A. -prostaglandins

When would endotoxins be released from a bacterial cell? -When the cell dies -During bacterial conjugation -When the cell attaches to a host cell in the human body -When the cell moves toward a energy source

Which of the following would be the first sign of an infection that resulted in the release of endotoxin? -Nausea -Weakness -Fever -Pain

Why is a release of endotoxin into the bloodstream potentially deadly? -It results in dehydration of the patient. -It causes necrosis of the liver. -Endotoxin can quickly enter the brain from the bloodstream, causing brain damage. -It can lower blood pressure and cause the patient to go into shock.

An exotoxin that has the ability to kill or damage host cells is referred to as a(n) -cytotoxin. -A-B toxin. -neurotoxin. -enterotoxin. -superantigen.

Which domain of the A-B toxin binds to cell surface receptors on the host cell? -B domain -A domain -Both the A and B domains have the ability to bind to cell surface receptors. -A-B toxins do not bind to cell surfaces.

How are superantigens different from other types of exotoxins? -Superantigens must be endocytosed into a target cell before becoming active. -Superantigens comprise two functional domains. -Superantigens cause an overstimulation of the host immune system. -Superantigens only act against host neurons.

A person who attended a picnic early in the day develops a very high fever and is unresponsive by the evening. This person most likely has been exposed to a(n) -cytotoxin. -membrane disrupting toxin. -enterotoxin. -superantigen.

A patient who has been hospitalized with uncontrolled muscle spasms has probably been infected with bacteria that secrete a(n) -enterotoxin. -membrane disrupting toxin. -neurotoxin. -superantigen.