AP Bio chapter 36 – Flashcards
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Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporin proteins will
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have a faster rate of osmosis.
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What would enhance water uptake by a plant cell?
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positive pressure on the surrounding solution
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Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly because
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stomata close, preventing CO2 from entering the leaf.
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Movement of phloem sap from a source to a sink
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depends ultimately on the activity of proton pumps.
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Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?
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the interior of a sieve tube
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The symplast transports all of the following except
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DNA
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Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?
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mycorrhizae
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What type of root architecture allows plants to grow taller?
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taproots
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How might roots react when they encounter a region of the soil that is low in nitrates?
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minimize branching
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The purpose of the xylem is to _____.
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transport water and minerals from roots to shoots
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The greatest increase in surface area for absorption in the root is due to _____.
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mycorrhizae
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The proton pump _____.
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pumps H+ out of the cell
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Which of the following processes is aided by the membrane potential established by the proton pump?
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movement of K+ into the cell
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A plant cell placed in a solution with a higher water potential will _____.
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gain water and become turgid
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The water potential of a cell is defined by the equation Ψ = ΨS + ΨP. Which of the following statements is true?
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ΨP may be either positive or negative.
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Which of the following is true for a plant that is wilting?
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The pressure potential in the xylem will be more negative than in a turgid plant.
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In a turgid cell _____.
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Ψ = 0
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The cytoplasmic continuum connecting neighboring cells is called the _____.
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symplast
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The continuum of cell walls connecting neighboring cells is defined as the _____.
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apoplast
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Which of the cells below are involved with bulk flow?
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tracheids, vessels, and sieve tubes
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The last thing all water and solute molecules pass through before they enter the vascular system of roots and move upward to the leaves is _____.
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an endodermal cell
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Root pressure is attributable to _____.
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the accumulation of minerals in the vascular cylinder
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Which of the following conditions will result in the fastest transport through the xylem in a tree, assuming adequate water supply in the roots?
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negative pressure potential in the leaf mesophyll
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What keeps the force of gravity from overcoming transpirational pull?
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cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
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What is the ultimate source of energy that moves water upward in the trunk of a tree?
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evaporation of water by the sun
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The rate of transpiration is expected to be greatest on a _____ day.
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warm and dry
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What process contributes directly to the turgor pressure that opens and closes stomata?
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active transport
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Stomata open during the day in response to _____.
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blue light triggering the uptake of K+ by guard cells
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Which of the following describes how some plants are adapted to arid environments?
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They can liberate carbon dioxide stored in intermediate molecules during the night and fix it during the day even when stomata are closed.
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In an apple tree that is producing sugars, sugar might flow from _____ to _____.
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a leaf ... a developing apple
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Cells that are specialized for the transport of sugar between apoplast and symplast are _____ cells.
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companion
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When referring to phloem transport, the "sink" in roots is created by _____.
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the active transport of sugars from phloem to cortex cells
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In order to be transported throughout a plant, viruses exploit _____.
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the ability of plasmodesmata to dilate to allow large particles to move between cells
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In a turgid cell _____.
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Ψ = 0
