The Language of Medicine Chapter 21 – Flashcards
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pharmacokinetics
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calculation of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time
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chemotherapy
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use of drugs in the treatment of disease
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toxicology
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study of the harmful effects of drugs
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pharmacodynamics
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study of drug effects in the body
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molecular pharmacology
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measurement of drug concentrations in tissues and in blood over time
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rectal
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drug is administered via suppository or fluid into the anus
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inhalation
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drug is administered via vapor or gas into the nose or mouth
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sublingual
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drug is administered under the tongue
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topical
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drug is applied locally on skin or mucous membrane
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oral administration
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drug is given by mouth and absorbed through the stomach or intestine
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parenteral administration
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drug is injected via syringe under the skin, into a vein, muscle or cavity
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antipruritic
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an agent that aids in relieving itching
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intrathecal
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with in a sheath
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antiseptic
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fights against infection
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aerosol
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a solution of particles in the air (gas or vapor)
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subcutaneous
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under the skin
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cathartic
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relieves constipation
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antiemetic
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prevents nausea and vomiting
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narcotic
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habit forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor/insensibility. (Opium, morphine)
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beta-blocker
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blocks the action of epinephrine
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bronchodilator
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open bronchial tubes (administered by injection and inhalers)
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antihistamine
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relieves allergic symptoms
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antibiotic
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penicillin or erythromycin
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barbiturate
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sedative
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analgesic
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; relieves pain
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phenothahiazines
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tranquilizer
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stimulant
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caffeine or amphetamines
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vasodilator
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drug that widens blood vessels
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antianginal
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drug that reduces blood pressure
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digoxin
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drug that strengthens the force and efficiency of the heartbeat
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vasoconstrictor
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drug that narrows blood vessels
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cholesterol-lowering drug
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drug that reduces lipids in blood
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diuretic
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drug that promotes excretion of urine, lowering blood pressure
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stimulant
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agent that excites and promotes activity
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emetic
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drug that promotes vomiting
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anaphylaxis
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exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein
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generic
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legal, non-commercial name for a drug
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toxicity
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harmful effects of a drug
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antirrhythmic
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drugs that restores heart to a regular cycle
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topical
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drugs that are applied locally on the skin
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addictive action
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the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each
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diuretic
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an agent that lowers blood pressure by increasing the release of urine
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narcotic
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a habit-forming drug that produces sleep and stupor
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amphetamine
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CNS stimulant
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hypodermic
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pertaining to under the skin
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laxative
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a drug that relieves constipation
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antipyretic
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pertaining to an agent that reduces fever
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anticoagulent
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an agent that prevents or delays blood clotting
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glucocorticoid
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hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar
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toxicology
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the study of poisonous effects of drugs
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intrathecal
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pertaining to within a sheath or within the membranes surrounding the spinal cord
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brand name
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commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name
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addiction
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physical and physiological dependence on and craving for a drug
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aerosol
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particles of a drug suspended in air
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chemical name
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chemical formula for a drug
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contraindication
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factor in the patient's condition that prevents the use of a particular drug or treatment
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antidote
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agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
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addictive action
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drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each
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medical chemistry
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study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure ond biological effects
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iatrogenic
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condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personnel
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inhalation
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administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth
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molecular pharmacology
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study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules, enzymes, or cell surgace receptors
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pharmacy
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location for preparing and dispensing drugs
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pharmacist
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specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs
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idiosyncrasy
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unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individuals but not seen in most patients
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pharmacodynamics
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study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body
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rectal administration
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drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum
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pharmacology
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study of the preparation, properties, uses and actions of drugs
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receptor
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target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
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syringe
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instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body
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synergism
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combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone
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Physician's Desk Reference (PDR)
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drug products are listed and described in the book
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
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Government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacturer and clinical use
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sublingual administration
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drugs are given by placement under the tongue
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side effect
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adverse reaction that routinely results from use of a drug
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ACE inhibitor
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drug that lowers blood pressure
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antacid
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neutralizes acid in the stomach
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emetic
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drug that promotes vomiting
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hypnotic
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drug that produces sleep or trance-like state
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bisphosphonate
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drug that prevents bone loss and osteropenia
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cathartic
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drug that relieves constipation
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calcium channel blocker
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drug that is antirryhthmic, anti hypertensive, and antianginal; blocks receptors in blood vessels
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caffeine
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CNS stimulant
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beta-blocker
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drug that blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and lining of blood vessels; antirrythmic, anti hypertensive, and antianginal
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aromatase inhibitor
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reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking an enzyme
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antiplatelet
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reduces the ability of thrombocytes to stick together and form a clot
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purgative
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drug that relieves constipation; strong cathartic and laxative
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thyroid hormone
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secretion from the endocrine gland in the neck; stimulates cellular metabolism
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progestin
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female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy
