Earth Science Unit 9 Test – Flashcards

a galaxy whose stars are symmetrically dispersed in a spherical or elongated shape

farthest point from the Sun in a planet's orbit

the time when the Sun is directly overhead either its northernmost or southernmost point on Earth

The Sun keeps all of the planets orbiting it because of the ___________. The law also states that the sun would have more gravity than Earth because the Earth is more massive.

Inertia is a tendency to resist a change in motion. If an object is still, it remains still. If an object is moving, it remains moving in a straight line unless impacted by an outside force. EXAMPLE-if you hit a baseball with a bat it will fly in a straight line unless an outside force changes its course.

The acceleration of an object depends on its mass and amount of applied force. If the force applied to an object increases, the acceleration of the object increases. If the mass of an object increases, the acceleration of the object decreases. EXAMPLE-if you hit a baseball with a bat it will accelerate according to the applied force

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. EXAMPLE-if u hit a baseball with a bat it will hurt your hand from the reaction force

states that the planets have an elliptical orbit, with the Sun at one focal point of the ellipse.

An imaginary line joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time. This means that planets travel faster near the Sun and slower farther from the Sun.(This is Kepler's second law)

planets closer to the Sun orbit in shorter time periods than planets further from the Sun. (This is Kepler's third law)

has a temperature of about 15 million C, where hydrogen fusion occurs. MAKES UP THE SUN'S INTERIOR AND SURFACE

Sun's interior and surface, energy moves as waves that transfer from ATOM TO ATOM. MAKES UP THE SUN'S INTERIOR AND SURFACE

Sun's interior and surface, the region of the Sun where energy moves through circulating currents of gases. MAKES UP THE SUN'S INTERIOR AND SURFACE

MAKES UP THE SUN'S INTERIOR AND SURFACE

MAKES UP the Sun's ATMOSPHERE

make up the Sun's ATMOSPHERE, HOTTEST layer in the sun's atmosphere

The most abundant chemical in the sun

______ stars live longer than larger stars.

stars are arranged in a disk with arms that surround a central bulge

a galaxy that is distorted

_________ tells us about the COLOR of planets

It must be _______ degrees for hydrogen fusion to start

There a minimum mass for an object to become a star because ______ objects cannot generate enough pressure to start hydrogen fusion.

Everything we know about stars comes from studying their

is 71-78% HYDROGEN, 20-27% helium, and about 1% oxygen.

They must orbit a star. They must be large enough that their gravity makes them spherical. They must clear their orbits of other objects.

geometric shape resembling a flattened circle that has TWO focal points.

the distance from Earth to the Sun

The square of the orbital period of a planet around the sun is proportional to the cube of the planet's orbital radius.

when a planet is closest to the sun it is called