Human Growth & Development (5) – Flashcards

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question
What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children six to eight years old?
answer
The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect, insulate, and surround the nerve cells, raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.
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When a middle-school student is able to demonstrate that he/she is able to hear a string of digits (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and then repeat the string in reverse order, the child is indicating that he/she is developing __________.
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working memory
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Which psychologist promoted the theory that addresses middle childhood children's focus on meeting the challenges presented by the world?
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Erik Erikson
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What is the current term for children who let themselves into their homes after school and wait alone until their parents return from work?
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Self-care children
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Which of the following best describes the third of the three-stage process of women's morality, as theorized by Carol Gilligan?
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Morality of nonviolence
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According to __________, members of a minority group are likely to accept the negative views held by a majority group only if they perceive that there is little realistic possibility of changing the power and status differences between the groups.
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social identity theory
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Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where reading comprehension strategies are taught, allowing the student to take on the role of the teacher?
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Reciprocal teaching
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What are the major effects of poverty, chronic stress, and susceptibility to disease in children?
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Significant hardships, poor academic performance, cardiovascular disease, depression, and diabetes
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Which of the following terms means rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a group?
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Dominance hierarchy
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Approximately how many children under the age of 18 in the U.S. live in single-parent households?
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25 percent
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Children living in poverty experience many more disruptions than children in socioeconomically secure environments. Examples of these disruptions include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
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living in single-parent households
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According to Damon, the first stage of building friendship for middle-school age children is __________.
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basing friendship on others' behavior
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According to Damon, the second stage of building friendship for middle-school age children is __________.
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basing friendship on trust
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According to Damon, the third stage of building friendship for middle-school-age children is __________.
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basing friendship on psychological closeness
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High-status children tend to do all of the following EXCEPT __________.
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form friendships with lower-class or unpopular children
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Which of the following stages best reflects when a child reads, using phonological recoding skills? What grade(s) is the child most likely attending?
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Stage 1; first and second grades
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Which of the following is NOT a fine motor skill?
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Jumping rope
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The latest research regarding children raised in lesbian and gay households suggests __________.
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children develop similarly to children of heterosexual families and are equally well-adjusted
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Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where children work together in groups to achieve a common goal?
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Cooperative learning
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The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that boys and girls should engage in sports and games, and __________,
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boys and girls should engage in sports and games in mixed-gender groups until puberty
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If a person has the inability to see even at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 200 feet (20/200) after correction (corrective lenses, etc.), this is known as __________.
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blindness
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According to Damon, when Sammy (who is a kindergarten student) is asked, "How do you know that someone is your best friend?" it is highly likely that he will respond, __________
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"Because I can play a lot with him/her and stay over his/her house a lot."
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What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech and is the most common speech impairment?
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Stuttering
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Intelligence tests most frequently used in schools are based on a common idea that intelligence is a single factor or unitary mental ability called __________.
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g factor
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If a person has an IQ score that falls in the range of around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40, this is known as __________.
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severe intellectual disability
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What is the term that Binet developed for the typical intelligence level found for people at a given chronological age?
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Mental age
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At approximately what age should a child be able to manipulate objects with almost as much capability as an adult?
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11 to 12 years old
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What percentage of children in the United States live in "blended families"?
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17 percent
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What is the term for the use of more than one language?
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Bilingualism
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Concrete operational thought involves applying __________ to concrete problems
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logical operations
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What percentage of children between 9 and 17 years of age experience an anxiety disorder?
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13 percent
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Roughly __________ U.S. schoolchildren stay home from school each day because they are afraid of being bullied.
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160,000
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Throughout the life span, which of the following is the only time when girls are, on average, taller than boys?
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by age 11
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What percentage of school-age children demonstrates speech/language impairment?
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3 to 5 percent
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At which stage does reading become a means to an end and a way for a child to learn? What grade(s) is the child most likely attending?
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Stage 3; fourth to eighth grades
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At approximately what age should a child be able to tie his/her shoes?
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7 years old
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Compared to less popular children, popular children are more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT __________.
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disregard others' emotional experiences
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Which of the following is a fine motor skill?
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Typing on a keyboard
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What is the term for the actual age of the child taking the intelligence test?
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Chronological (or physical) age
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