Mastering quizz Ch 21 – Flashcards

What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP)?

BLAST is a computational tool used by genome biologists to _____.

The number of genes correlates with _____.

Which of the following statements about genome sizes is true? Large animals have larger genomes than plants. Species within a phylogenetic group such as flowering plants or insects have similar genome sizes. Most eukaryotes have larger genomes than most prokaryotes. The human genome is the largest and most complex. All of the above statements are true.

What type of noncoding DNA comprises the largest portion of multicellular eukaryotic genomes?

How do retrotransposons differ from other transposons?

How has gene duplication played a critical role in evolution?

By what mechanism might transposons contribute to gene duplication?

What is the goal of comparative genomic studies?

What are Hox genes?

Bioinformatics includes all of the following except: -developing computer-based tools for genome analysis. -using mathematical tools to make sense of biological systems. -using molecular biology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube. -analyzing protein interactions in a species. -using computer programs to align DNA sequences.

*One of the characteristics of retrotransposons is that: -they code for an enzyme that synthesizes DNA using an RNA template. -they contribute a significant portion of the genetic variability seen within a population of gametes. -their amplification is dependent on a retrovirus. they generally move by a cut-and-paste mechanism. they are found only in animal cells.

Homeotic genes: -are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods. -encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly. -encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for the organism's development. -are responsible for patterning during plant development. -are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.

Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity? -RNA splicing -exon shuffling -gene duplication -random point mutations -histone modification

Select the correct statement(s) about genome size and density. Select all that apply. -Within eukaryotes, genome size is a reliable predictor of phenotypic complexity. -Eukaryotic genomes are larger than prokaryotic genomes. -Eukaryotes have higher gene densities than prokaryotes.

Why is the outdated term "junk DNA" a misnomer for noncoding regions of the human genome?

How do transposons differ from retrotransposons? Select all that apply: -Retrotransposons reverse the effects of transposons. -Transposons may or may not leave a copy behind at the original site, whereas retrotransposons always leave a copy behind at the original site. -Transposons move by means of a DNA intermediate, whereas retrotransposons move by means of an RNA intermediate.

Which of the findings of the Human Genome Project were contrary to initial expectations? Select all that apply. -Ninety-three percent of multi-exon human genes have alternatively spliced forms. -The human genome contains 3,000 Mb. -The human genome contains fewer than 21,000 genes.

Identify the correct statement(s) about transposable elements. Select all that apply. -Transposable elements are called "jumping genes" because they detach from their location in DNA before reattaching in a different location. -Telomeric simple sequence DNA is made up of transposable elements. -Transposable elements and related sequences make up 44% of the human genome.