Programming Logic and Design Chapter 7 – Flashcards

A ________ _______ ______ holds nonvolatile data; examples include hard disks, DVDs, USB drives, and reels of magnetic tape

A ________ ____ is a collection of data stored on a nonvolatile device in a computer system

____ _____ contain data that can be read in a text editor

______ _____ contain data that has not been encoded as text

A ____ is a small unit of storage; for example, in a simple text file, a byte holds only one character

A ________ is approximately 1000 bytes

A ________ is a million bytes

A ________ is a billion bytes

__________ are organization units on storage devices; each can contain multiple files as well as additional directories. In a graphic system, directories are often called folders.

_______ are organization units on storage devices; each can contain multiple files as well as additional folders. Folders are graphic directories.

A file's ____ is the combination of its disk drive and the complete hierarchy of directories in which the file resides.

The ____ ________ is a framework that describes the relationships between data components. The data hierarchy contains characters, fields, records, and files.

__________ are letters, numbers, and special symbols, such as A, 7, and $

______ are data items that each represent a single attribute of a record and that are composed of one or more characters.

_______ are groups of fields that go together for some logical reason

_____ are groups of related records

A ________ holds groups of files or tables and provides the means for easy retrieval and organization

______ are files in a database

_______ _ ____ locates it on a storage device and associates a variable name within your program with the file

_______ ____ _ ____ copies data from a files on a storage device into RAM

A __________ ____ is a file in which records are stored one after another in some order

_______ is the process of placing records in order by the value in a specific field or fields.

_______ __ _ ____ copies data from RAM to persistent storage.

_______ _ ____ makes it no longer available to an application.

_______ _____ ___ ______ _______ are those that do not require opening. Usually they are the keyboard and monitor, respectively.

A ______ ____ is a copy that is kept in case values need to be restored to their original state.

A ______ ____ is a copy of a file before revision.

A _____ ____ is a copy of a file after revision.

A ______ _____ _______ is one in which a change in the value of a variable initiates special actions or causes special or unusual processing to occur.

A _______ ____ ______ is a form of output that includes special processing after each group of records.

A ______-_____ _______ _____ is a break in the logic of a program to perform special processing based on the value of a single variable.

A _______ _____ _____ holds a value that causes special processing in a control breaking program

_______ _____ involves combining two or more files while maintaining the sequential order.

_________ _____ describes records placed in order from lowest to highest based on the value in a field.

__________ _____ describes records placed in order from highest to lowest based on the value in a field.

A ______ ____ holds complete and relatively permanent data

A ___________ ____ holds temporary data that is used to update a master file

To ______ _ ______ ____ involves making changes to the values in its fields based on transactions.

_____ __________ involves performing the same tasks with many records, one after the other.

____-____ applications require that a record be accessed immediately while a client or user is waiting.

An ___________ _______ is one in which the user makes direct requests or provides input while a program executes.

A ______ ______ ____ is one in which records can be located in any physical order and accessed directly.

_______ ______ _____ are random access files in which records can be accessed immediately.

______ _____ _____ are random access files.