Chapter 18 Review Packet- Part 2 – Flashcards
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In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a
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derived character
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Which of the following is a correct explanation of a derived character ?
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The presence of hair is a derived character of mammals because all mammals have hair and no animals other than mammals have it
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Each node on a cladogram represents
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the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor
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What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?
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the relative degrees of relatedness among lineages
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Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of
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common ancestry.
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What do all organisms have in common?
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They all use DNA to pass on information.
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What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and a yeast?
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Their degree of relatedness can be estimated from their genes
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Which of the following techniques can scientists use to determine how the DNA of several species might indicate the species are related?
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cladistic analysis
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DNA evidence
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can solve evolutionary puzzles, such as how to classify organisms that look similar to one species but share peculiar behaviors with another
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What cell structures in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary relationships?
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nuclei and mitochondria
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All organisms in the kingdom Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are
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eukaryoyes
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Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
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Fungi
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In Linnaeus's time, all life was divided into which two kingdoms?
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animals and plants
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In Linnaeus's time, all living things were grouped into two kingdoms. Later, there were five kingdoms, and now we have six kingdoms. What is the main reason for this increase in number of kingdoms?
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As scientists learned more about genetics and biochemistry, some organisms were moved out of existing kingdoms and into new ones.
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Why is the kingdom Protista not valid under evolutionary classification?
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Protista contains groups that share closet common ancestors with other groups, rather than with each other.
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Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called
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Monera.
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The domain that corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria is
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Bacteria.
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The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is
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Archaea.
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The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are
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Archaea and Bacteria
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The three-domain system arose when scientists found that Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were more
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dissimilar than scientists thought
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The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups of
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prokaryotes
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What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things?
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They diverged from a common ancestor before the evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes.
