SOC Chapter 4 – Flashcards
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Which of the following concepts refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share culture?
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society
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Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?
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technology
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According to Lenski, the term sociocultural evolution refers to:
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changes that occur as a society acquires new technology
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Which of the following factors would Lenski's approach highlight as bringing about change in society?
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the telephone
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Today, hunting and gathering societies
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are close to disappearing from the world.
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In hunting and gathering societies:
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men hunt animals while women gather vegetation
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Horticultural societies are those in which:
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people use simple hand tools to raise crops
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The first type of society to generate a material surplus is
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horticultural and pastoral
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As societies generate a greater productive surplus, their people generally
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gain more productive specialization
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What type of society engages in large-scale farming based on the use of plows drawn by animals or more powerful energy sources?
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agrarian
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Which of the following types of society has the most productive specialization?
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industrial
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The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?
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industrial
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Compared to an industrial society, a postindustrial society is based on:
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an information-based economy
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The driving force of social change, according to Marx, is
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social conflict between classes
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Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits
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capitalists
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How did Weber describe traditional societies?
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People pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation
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Looking over the long course of history, Durkheim claimed that societies change as _____ gives way to _____.
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mechanical solidarity; organic solidarity
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Gerhard Lenski dismissed technology as of little importance in shaping cultural patterns.
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False
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Hunting and gathering societies generate a productive surplus.
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False
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Hunting and gathering societies are nomadic
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True
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Hunting and gathering societies have elected leaders
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False
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Forces of nature have the greatest effect on societies with the simplest technology
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True
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Compared to hunting and gathering societies, horticultural and pastoral societies have more productive specialization and greater social inequality.
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True
