Micro bio quiz 3 – Flashcards

In fermentation, the only ATP produced was during glycolysis and the fermentation reactions usually result in resetting the NADH to NAD. True False

In fermentation, the only ATP produced was during glycolysis and the fermentation reactions usually result in resetting the NADH to NAD. True False

Metabolic pathways can be either catabolic or anabolic but not both. True False

Photoautotrophs are the only organisms that can incorporate (fix) carbon dioxide into biomolecules. True False

The TCA cycle must "turn twice" in order to complete the oxidation of one glucose molecule. True False

Prokaryotes may use several different terminal cytochrome oxidases for the electron transport system. True False

Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors. True False

Photosynthetic organisms serve as the base for most food chains in the biosphere. True False

All prokaryotic photosynthesizers are anoxygenic. True False

The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called mRNA Amino acids Polymerases Histones Nucleotides

The series of enzymatic steps that fixes carbon dioxide into carbohydrate is called the ______. Pentose phosphate pathway Embden-Meyerhoff pathway Calvin cycle Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration? nitrate sulfate carbon dioxide all of the choices

The major function(s) of the TCA cycle is(are) provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components. electron transport. energy production and provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components. energy production.

How many molecules of ATP are needed to reduce one molecule of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate by oxygenic phototrophs during the dark reactions of photosynthesis? 4 2 10-12 3

Photosynthetic electron transport in cyanobacteria takes place in the cytoplasm. on the plasma membrane. on the thylakoid membranes. in the chloroplast

The name given to the reaction involving removal of electrons or hydrogen atoms from a compound is termed reduction. oxidation. metabolism. glycolysis.

How many molecules of NADPH are needed to reduce one molecule of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate by oxygenic phototrophs during the dark reactions of photosynthesis? 4 3 10-12 2

Which is true about DNA replication? It is semiconservative. It starts at an origin of replication. It is bi-directional. It requires RNA primers. All of the choices are correct.

in the process of noncyclic photophosphorylation water is split to form oxygen gas. electrons from water flow through electron transport chains resulting in synthesis of ATP and NADPH. all of the choices photosystems I and II are both required.

The sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called anabolism. catabolism. metabolism. none of the choices

The electron transport system requires a membrane AND generates a concentration gradient of protons. utilizes the mitochondrial membrane of prokaryotes. utilizes the nuclear membrane of eukaryotes. generates a concentration gradient of protons. requires a membrane.

Which type of phosphorylation does not require a membrane? Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation All types of phosphorylation require a membrane.

An chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is __________. exergonic one of the choices endergonic impossible

A reaction that releases energy is __________. exergonic endergonic impossible none of the choices

Which of the following is a source of carbon skeletons that are used in the synthesis of amino acids? Acetyl-CoA. TCA cycle intermediates. Glycolysis intermediates. All of the choices.

Glycolysis Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP and requires oxygen Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP and requires oxygen Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP, without oxygen Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP, without oxygen None of the choices are correct

Cells carry out three major types of work; which of the following involves nutrient uptake and waste elimination? Chemical work. Transport work. Mechanical work. None of the above.

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically is 2. 85. 38. 32.

In the phototrophic production of energy, the oxygen originates from carbon dioxide. water. glucose. hydrogen peroxide.

Concerning catabolism and anabolism, they refer to reactions solely dealing with the metabolism of lipids. the intermediates of one serve as the reactants in the other AND the energy gathered in one is utilized in the other. the energy gathered in one is utilized in the other. the intermediates of one serve as the reactants in the other. they refer solely to the reactions involved in synthesis of carbohydrates.

The TCA cycle produces ATP. NADH. FADH2. precursor metabolites. All of the choices are correct.

NAD in its reduced form is symbolized as NADH. NAD. NAD-. NADP.

All of the following pertain to glycolysis except Ends with formation of pyruvic acid Occurs without oxygen Occurs during fermentation Degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O Involves reduction of NAD

Energy is defined as the potential to fall. water flowing up a dam. the capacity to do work. the use of high level phosphate bonds.

The two strands of DNA are bonded to one another by hydrogen bonds. oxygen bonds. carbon bonds. covalent bonds.

RNA is characterized by ribose. deoxyribose. thymine. double-stranded.

GCCCAAAG is a molecule of cannot tell as written. RNA. protein. DNA.

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed? Krebs cycle Electron transport Processing of pyruvic acid for the Krebs cycle Glycolysis All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules

The 3' end of DNA refers to the end that has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 3 carbon of deoxyribose. usually has guanine attached to it. always has thymine attached to it. refers to the end that has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 3 carbon of deoxyribose AND attaches to the 5' phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide. attaches to the 5' phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide.

Which of the following is/are true of DNA replication? It starts at the origin of replication. Nucleotides are added to the 3' end. It requires an RNA primer to get started. It utilizes polymerases. All of the choices are true.

Which nucleotide pairing is incorrect? G:C A:T A:G A:U

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the Cell membrane Mitochondria Cytoplasm Chloroplasts Ribosomes

The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized during fermentation via the glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhoff) pathway in prokaryotes is 2. 36. 38. 85.

The name given to the reaction involving addition of electrons or hydrogen atoms to a compound is termed glycolysis. reduction. oxidation. metabolism.

In the process of __________, ATP is synthesized when excited electrons from chlorophyll P700 pass through a series of electron carriers then return to chlorophyll P700. noncyclic photophosphorylation photosynthesis cyclic photophosphorylation acyclic photophosphorylation

Which is not true of RNA? It contains uracil. It functions in the cytoplasm. It contains ribose. It is usually single-stranded. There are 4 functional types.

Bacteria that can absorb light energy and convert it into ATP are commonly called lysosomes. phototrophs. cytochromes. cytochromes AND chemotrophs. chemotrophs.

Glycolysis requires oxygen. may occur under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. produces 3 ATP molecules AND produces 4 molecules of NAD. produces 3 ATP molecules. produces 4 molecules of NAD.

Biosynthetic reactions that require energy for the conversion of molecular subunits into larger molecules are called kinetic energy. anabolic reactions. precursor molecules. catabolic reactions

The term antiparallel is synonymous with semiconservative. refers to a type of prokaryotic replication. refers to the structure single-stranded RNA. refers to the opposite orientation of the two strands in DNA.

The most common starting pathway for the breakdown of sugars is fermentation. respiration. oxidation. glycolysis.

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor AND is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers. results in the production of a large amount of ATP. is necessary in some organisms to produce reduced electron carriers. uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor. uses an inorganic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they actively pump _____ into the outer membrane compartment setting up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force. NADH Hydrogen ions Phosphate ATP Oxygen

Which of the following processes generates the greatest amount of energy? fermentation aerobic respiration glycolysis fermentation AND the TCA pathway the pentose-phosphate shunt pathway

DNA replication is interspersive. conservative. semiconservative. chain reference.

The majority of reduced NAD is produced in Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Photosynthesis None of the choices are correct

The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and peptides is an example of Phosphorylation Catabolism Biosynthesis Fermentation Anabolism

Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in reduction. anaerobic respiration. aerobic respiration. fermentation.

The readily usable energy currency of cells is the electron transport system. ATP. the electron transport system AND CTP. CTP. electricity.

Each nucleotide is composed of Two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, two sugars One phosphate, one nitrogenous base, two sugars One phosphate, one nitrogenous base, one sugar Two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, one sugar One phosphate, two nitrogenous bases, one sugar

The electron transport system requires a membrane. utilizes the nuclear membrane of eukaryotes. utilizes the mitochondrial membrane of prokaryotes. generates a concentration gradient of protons. requires a membrane AND generates a concentration gradient of protons.

Pyruvate can be metabolized along two major routes. They are oxidation and reduction. fermentation and respiration. metabolism and anabolism. anabolism and catabolism.

Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called Fermentation Anabolism Glycolysis Exergonic Phosphorylation

Reactants are converted to products by Enzymes releasing energy Breaking and forming bonds Enzymes binding to reactants Reactants releasing energy None of the choices are correct

In order for the cell to be able to input energy into necessary endergonic reactions, energy-generating processes such as photosynthesis, fermentation, and respiration are used to produce __________.