Criminology Unit 7 – Flashcards

argues that the criminal justice system has to protect suspects from errors and the abuses that can occur in the system

a set of norms and values governing police behavior

different treatment based on a person's race or ethnicity

programs and policies that partner law enforcement with the communities that they serve

different from community policing in that they aim to change the community's perceptions of law enforcement but not change the way policing is done

these courts handle minor criminal cases, traffic violations, and less serious civil suits. These courts are typically overseen by a Justice of the Peace who is a judge, not necessarily trained in the law, who oversees these more minor cases. These courts handle over half of the cases in state courts.

these courts are major trail courts that have jurisdiction over all cases. Typically, these courts exist at the county level although some states may have several counties grouped under one court

these courts have the power to review any judgment made in the other courts of the state system. Any person convicted of a crime has the right to appeal their conviction

the court of last resort and consist of five to nine judges who review cases.

those that enforce and uphold federal laws. Federal laws can range from treason to environmental protection also to test whether state and federal laws are constitutional or not.

the lowest level of jurisdiction in the federal system, they have jurisdiction over minor federal offenses and have the important role of signing search or arrest warrants.

these courts have both civil and criminal jurisdiction at the federal level. In the United States, there are 94

these courts hear the appeals for individuals convicted in the district courts. There are 13

this court has the highest and final authority in the interpretation and application of the Constitution in the United States. The court consists of the Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. Each Justice is appointed by the President of the United States. Each year, about 5,000 cases are filed, asking for a review of the case, and about 100 of these cases are accepted and reviewed.

a group of people legally selected who are sworn to give their verdict based on the evidence of the case

means "to see and speak" in French, the process of selecting the jury is called voir dire

objections to a juror for which no reason has to be offered

objections to jurors for conflicts of interests

in which the person executed for a crime didn't commit the crime