Anatomy Test 1 – Flashcards

Which of the following terms refers to the foot? cervical brachial antebrachial femoral pedal

While standing in the anatomical position, front refers to anterior front refers to ventral back refers to posterior back refers to dorsal all of the above

The chin is ____ to the nose. anterior superior posterior inferior medial

The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the __ from the ___. pleural cavity; mediastinum thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity pericardial cavity; pleural cavity abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity pericardial cavity; pericardial cavity

The coxal joint is most likely found in __ region of the body. hand knee foot hip shoulder

The parental pleura would represent a serous membrane __. covering individual lungs lining the thoracic cavity covering the heart lining the abdominal cavity covering the liver

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? cranial cavity thoracic cavity spinal cord vertebral cavity

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because__. positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful. positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return to the body to a homestatic balance or "ideal" level. positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats. positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect

The thoracic cavity contains the __. It is found __ to the vertebral cavity heart and lungs; anterior digestive viscera; inferior kidneys and spleen; deep stomach and liver; superficial

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of... negative feedback positive feedback nonhomeostatic regulation diagnostic regulation fever

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the brain skin temperature receptor positive feedback center thermostat

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n).. receptor thermoregulator control center effector stimulus

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells? magnesium hydrogen potassium sodium chlorine

An important buffer in body fluids is.. NaCl NaOH HCl NaHCO3 H2O

A lipid made of glycerol molecule with two fatty acids attached to one side and a phosphate group connecting a non lipid group attached to other.. cholesterol phospholipids triglycerides prostaglandis monoglycerides

A peptide bond links.. two simple sugars two amino acids two nucleotides a sugar and a peptide a peptide and a fatty acid

What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix? Primary secondary tertiary quaternary

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are.. C, O, P, Ca N, H, Ca, Na C, O, H, N Na, K, H, O

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is an example of a(n) __ reaction. synthesis decomposition exchange reversible

An acid with a pH of 6 has __ hydrogen ions than pure water. 10-fold more 100-fold more 10-fold fewer 100-fold fewer

Ionic bonds are formed when.. atoms share electrons. electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms. hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms. two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time.

Which of the following statements about hydrogen is false? Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between atoms and negatively charges atoms. Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule. Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules. Hydrogen bonds are important for holding large molecules together. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the properties of water.

All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that.. are proteins function as biological catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction affect only the rate of a chemical reaction are consumed during the reaction

Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with.. lipid molecules hydrophobic molecules water molecules both lipid molecules and hydrophobic molecules cholesterol

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what would happen? the cells will swell and ultimately burst. the cells will lose water and shrink. the cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition. the cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.

In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects__ ions from the cell and imports__ ions. K; Ca Na; Ca K; Na Na; K Ca; Na

A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm than the cytoplasm, of a cell is called... merotonic hypertonic isotonic hypotonic homotonic

In the figure to the right, structure B is..

In the figure to the right, structure D is..

A typical cell resting membrane potential is -75 mV. This indicates that.. the inside of the cell is negative related to the outside the outside of the cell is negative related to the outside none of the above

Peroxisomes___. are functionally the same as lysosomes are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis sometimes function as secretory vesicles

Which of the following would not be restricted by low levels of ATP? pinocytosis exocytosis osmosis phagocytosis Na/K pump

Myocardium must rhythmically contract for a lifetime. This requires a considerable amount of energy production by the cells. You would expect to see a relatively high amount of which organelle in these cells? lysosomes smooth ER mitochondria cytoskeleton peroxisomes

A type of transport protein found in the plasma membrane of cells lining the inside of the intestine allows sodium ions to diffuse down their concentration gradient. The ions move through the transport protein, and into the cell. These transport proteins will use the kinetic energy of the diffusing sodium ions to bring glucose into the cells as well. This transport protein would best be described as__. a pump a channel an antiporter a carrier protein a symporter

Assume that the transport of a particular amino acid across a plasma membrane is observed (1) to occur only down its concentration gradient and (2) to slow when a similar amino acid is added to the extracellular fluid. The movement of the amino acid through the membrane is most likely by.. osmosis diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport pinocytosis

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of... osmosis active transport diffusion facilitated transport filtration

The resting membrane potential refers to.. the relative concentration of protein on either side of the plasma membrane. the relative chloride ion concentration on either side of the plasma membrane. the charge difference across the plasma membrane. the relative concentration of Ca on either side of the membrane. all of the above.

Passive membrane transport processes include__. movement of substance down its concentration gradient. movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. consumption of ATP. the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration.

The tissue that always has a apical side and a basal side is... epithelial tissue connective tissue muscle tissue blood neural tissue

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false? they afford little mechanical protection. they are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs. They line internal compartments and passageways. they cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. they are avascular.

Characteristics of epithelia include.. attachment avascularity regeneration polarity all of the above

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found.. at the surface of the skin. lining the trachea. lining blood vessels. forming the kidney tubules. lining the air sacs of the lungs.

Connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by.. fibroblasts macrophages adipocytes mast cells melanocytes.

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are.. tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments. loose, dense, and irregular. cartilage, bone, and collagen. collagen, reticular, and elastic. polar, cellular, and permeable.

Which panel to the right displays stratified squamous epithelium?

Which panel to the right shows skeletal muscle?

The dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is.. collagen elastin actin myosin connectin

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except.. tendons ligaments dermis areolar tissue elastic tissue

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? mucous serous cutaneous synovial pleural

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the.. pleura peritoneum pericardium periosteum perichondrium