Chapter 4: Carbon and Molecular Diversity – Flashcards

How do these hydrocarbons differ?

How do these hydrocarbons differ?

How do these hydrocarbons differ?

How do these hydrocarbons differ?

How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon A?

How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon B?

Which one of these is an amino group?

Which of these is a phosphate group?

Which of these is a hydroxyl group?

Which of these is a carboxyl group?

Which of these functional groups is characteristic of alcohol?

Which of the functional groups behaves as a base?

Which of these groups is characteristic of thiols?

Which of these groups plays a major role in energy transfer?

Which functional group is a component of ATP.

Thiols are characterized by the presence of what functional group?

Which of these is a carbonyl group?

Which of these functional groups is characteristic of a ketone?

A carbonyl group in the middle of a carbon skeleton characterizes what?

Which of functional groups listed below behaves as an acid?

By donating hydrogen ions, carboxyl groups act as what?

This functional group is polar because the electronegative oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. Water is attracted to this group, and therefore molecules that have this group (such as sugars) tend to dissolve in water. Alcohols are characterized by this functional group. Click on the functional group described here.

This group is polar because oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. If this group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the molecule is called an aldehyde; otherwise it is called a ketone. Click on this functional group.

The two electronegative oxygens of this group pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom. This weakens the bond between oxygen and hydrogen, and the hydrogen atom tends to dissociate from the molecule as a hydrogen (H+) ion. Because it donates hydrogen ions, this group is acidic, and molecules that contain these groups are known as carboxylic acids. Click on the functional group just described.

The slightly electronegative nitrogen atom in this group tends to pick up hydrogen ions from the surrounding solution, and thus this functional group acts as a base. Because of the added hydrogen ion, this group usually has a +1 charge in the cell. This group is characteristic of organic molecules called amines. Click on this functional group.

Molecules termed thiols are characterized by this group, which resembles a hydroxyl group. These groups interact to help stabilize the structure of many proteins.

The electronegative oxygens of this functional group draw electrons, and as a result the group acts as an acid, losing hydrogen ions to the surrounding solution. This dissociation leaves the group with a negative charge. This group is important in ATP and the transfer of energy between organic molecules.

These molecules are _____.

These molecules are _____.

The two molecules differ in the covalent bond relationships among their atoms.

These molecules differ in how their atoms are arranged about a double bond.

These molecules are _____.

Enantiomers are molecules that are _____.

Molecules that differ in the arrangement of their atoms about a double bond are known as what?

This pair of molecules are _____. (hint: they have different molecular formulas)

Do the checked molecules show an appropriate number of bonds around each carbon atom?

Is highly polar and may act as a weak acid

acts as an acid

may be a structural isomer of a ketone

forms disulfide bonds

acts as a base

contributes negative charge