AP World Chapter 19 Quiz – Flashcards
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1. What was the Mita system? What indigenous group used this practice?
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The mita system was a labor system used by the Spanish in Peru. It forced natives to work on state projects in return for a small salary. It was based on a system originally used by the Incas.
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2. What was the Encomienda system? Why did the Spanish government decide to allow this system to lapse?
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The encomienda system was a system where the Spanish government granted settlers control over a certain number of native people. The system declined because the Spanish royalty did not want a class of powerful nobles to arise in the colonies.
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3. How does the institution of the Church work with the Spanish government during colonialism?
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The Spanish government appointed bishops and archbishops, so the Church usually supported and influenced state policies.
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4. Compare and contrast the Haciendas and Plantations.
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Haciendas were family-owned farms which produced agricultural products for the colonies, while plantations were commercial farms which produced products to export.
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5. What was the primary export of Brazil in the 1700's? What town in the Brazilian interior was
established during this time?
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The primary export of Brazil in the 1700's was gold. Minas Gerais was established as a mining town.
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6. What was the fleet system? Explain how Galleons were part of the fleet system.
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The fleet system was a system in which Spain sent groups of ships on organized, scheduled journeys to trade in the Americas. The ships used in the fleets, galleons, were huge and heavily armored, which discouraged attacks on the goods.
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7. Who was the leader of the Aztecs during the conquest of their empire by the Spanish?
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Moctezuma II
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8. Who were the Letrados? How were they an extension of the Spanish government?
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Letrados were university-trained lawyers from Spain. They acted as a bureaucracy for the Spanish government in America.
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9. How did the 7 years' war impact colonial affairs?
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Spain was allied with France, so was invaded by England during the war. This prompted Spain to create a military system made up of troops from Spain and local militias.
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10. Who was the Marquis of Pombal? Why was he significant?
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He was the Prime Minister of Portugal who wanted to break the country's economic dependency on England. He expelled the Jesuits from the empire, tried to end gold smuggling & tax evasion, created monopoly companies to stimulate agricultural growth, and abolsished slavery in Portugal to ensure a steady supply to Brazil.
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11. What was the comunero revolt?
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It was a revolt against Spain by the people of New Granada in 1781
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12. What religious group gave the most support to the Native Americans? Which group was the most fervent in their persecution of the Native Americans (HINT they were also the most educated of the clergy)?
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The Jesuits, Franciscans, and Dominicans supported the Native Americans and wanted to peacefully convert them.
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13. How was the colonization of North America by England, France and Holland different from the Latin American colonization by Portugal and Spain?
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The economies of Latin American colonies were much more regulated and restricted than North American ones. In addition, the natives were enslaved and integrated into society on a bigger scale.
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14. Describe the social hierarchy established in Latin America. Be sure to include who is at the
top/bottom
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The social hierarchy was largely based on race. The peninsulares (Spanish-born colonists) were at the top, with the Creoles (American-born colonists with Spanish ancestors) just below. The middle class were the mestizos, who were of multiple races. The lowest class were the natives and African slaves.
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15. Who was Charles III and what was his significance?
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Charles III was a Spanish king who instituted the Bourbon Reforms. He kicked out the Jesuits, reduced the power of Creoles, created Creole militias, and created local monopolies to stimulate the economy.
