Nutrition- Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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How much water is made up for the human body?
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50%-70%.
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What is the difference between ICF and ECF?
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-Intracellular fluid
-Extracellular fluid
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How much body fluid does ECF represent?
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1/3.
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What do electrolytes help?
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They help with the nervous system function.
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How much body fluid does ICF represent?
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2/3.
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What happens if blood volume decreases? What happens if it increases?
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-If blood volume decreases, water moves into the bloodstream.
-If blood volume increases, water moves out of the bloodstream into cells.
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How does the body control water in ICF and ECF?
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By controlling Ions.
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How does water contribute to regulating body temperature?
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Because majority of body is water, much energy is needed to change body temperature.
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What helps to lubricate food through the esophagus?
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Saliva (spit).
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How many cups (liters) of water should men drink a day?
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15 cups (3.7 liters).
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How many cups (liters) of water should women drink a day?
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11 cups (2.7 liters).
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What is the purpose of the antiduretic hormone? and where is it secreted?
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Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. When blood concentrations are too high, water is excreted from the kidneys.
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What happens when the body reaches a low amount of available water?
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The body starts to conserve water and increases fluid conservation.
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What is angiotensin?
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A hormone that is produced by the liver and activated by enzymes from the kidneys.
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What is produced when blood volume is low? Where does it come from?
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Aldosterone is produced from the adrenal glands.
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True or False: Thirst is a good indicator of water loss?
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False.
Because the sensation of thirst can decrease with age.
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What type of mineral is essential to life?
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Trace Minerals.
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What vitamin enhances non-heme iron absorption?
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Vitamin C.
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True or False: Minerals provide useable energy.
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False.
(Characteristic of a Mineral)
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What are major sources of sodium?
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-White bread
-Hot dogs and lunchmeats
-Cheese
-Soups
-Tomato sauces
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What is the Daily Value that people should intake on potassium?
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3,500 milligrams.
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What is the mineral that is least likely to be deficient in an American diet?
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Phosphorous.
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What is true about mineral bioavailability?
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Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants.
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How many milligrams of sodium does the American diet contain?
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2,300-4,700 milligrams.
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What regulates the amount of iron in the body?
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The small intestine.
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How is magnesium best provided in the diet?
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By whole grains.
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What is the main function for magnesium?
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It is important for nerve and heart function.
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What are the main functions of Calcium? What is most of the calcium used for?
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-Calcium represents 40% of all the minerals present in the body (~ 2 ½ lbs)
-99% of calcium in the body is used for bone.
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What are the two forms of iron?
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-Heme-iron.
-Non-heme iron.
