AP Psychology Practice AP exam (study island) – Flashcards

Which of the following is true of a personality test that produces consistent results but does not measure a behavior accurately?

Before the 1960s, it was not uncommon for a restaurant to refuse customers who were African-American. Such a practice illustrates the concept of

One of the first schools of psychology that divided mental processes into basic components is known as

Which stage of sleep is characterized by active brain waves and an inability to move?

From a psychological perspective, maladaptive defines a type of behavior that

Awareness of the surrounding world begins with the information gathering process known as

Kyle is hiking through the mountains when he encounters a severe snowstorm. Though he has read numerous books on outdoor survival, he has never been in this kind of situation before. Drawing upon what he has read, he knows that he must build a shelter to stay dry and warm, so he quickly collects branches and other natural debris to make a shelter. Kyle's process of memory retrieval is an example of

Jordan often complains of an indistinct pain in his lower left leg. He has been to the doctor on many occasions, but his physician is convinced that no physical explanation for the pain exists. Jordan's behavior would likely be diagnosed as a form of

A developmental psychologist who evaluates the same two people at different points in their lives would likely use a

Receptor cells that make vision possible by responding to photons of light are located in the

After a near drowning at a pool, a child develops a fear of swimming. The child, however, still enjoys playing in the water while taking a bath. The child's behavior illustrates an example of

The tendency for a person to comply with a large request, such as donating money, after first agreeing to a small request, such as signing a petition, is known as

The information processing model is defined by which of the following stages? 1. Retrieving information 2. Storing information 3. Rehearsing information 4. Encoding information 5. Forgetting information

The intense fear of becoming overweight accompanied with the severe limitation of food intake describes a disease known as

A teacher rewards her class for good behavior and finds that the good behavior increases as a result. This technique demonstrates which of the following?

Non-REM or NREM sleep is characteristic of which of the following?

Heightened stress levels experienced during a crisis subside gradually due to the

Rebecca constantly worries about germs and has become preoccupied with washing her hands. On some days, she becomes so focused on the threat of germs that she has trouble concentrating on other things. Even though Rebecca knows that her actions are irrational, she cannot help the desire to rid herself of the invisible germs on her body. Rebecca's anxiety is characteristic of

A child who sees an orange for the first time confuses it with a ball. The child is likely exhibiting what Jean Piaget called

Which of the following BEST characterizes the tendency of ethnocentrism?

The persona and shadow are part of the psychodynamic theory of personality originated by

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is most notably criticized for disregarding differences in

The conversion of stimulus energy into neural impulses that travel toward the brain describes the process of

Which psychoactive drug has a chemical composition similar to that of endorphins?

Free association is a common technique typical of which psychotherapy?

Information is transmitted from one neuron to the next by chemicals released from the

Karen Horney's theory of personality viewed neurosis not as a mental disorder but as a

Having suffered a traumatic brain injury, Ms. Delacroix is unable to remember what happened yesterday, even though she can easily recall events that happened 30 years ago. Ms. Delacroix's symptoms suggest that the injury occurred in which area of the brain?

The endocrine system, which helps regulate psychological reactions, contains all of the following elements EXCEPT

Darro looks at a list of numbers and tries to memorize them: 130914761970. He is unable to do so until he divides the numbers into three groups of four: 1309 1476 1970. Now, the task is easy. Through the process of chunking (or grouping) the numbers, Darro has demonstrated the ability to

Raymond Cattell used the fundamental traits he considered basic to human personality to develop the

Permanent hearing loss due to aging and exposure to loud noise most often occurs as a result of damage to the

DeMarcus applies for a promotion at work but does not receive it. He decides that he did not want the promotion anyway because it would have involved more work. DeMarcus' behavior illustrates the theory of

Which of the following is a structural imaging technique used to track brain degeneration in Alzheimer's patients? Electroencephalography (EEG) Positron emission tomography (PET) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A key element of Carl Rogers' person-centered approach was the idea that

A researcher interested in the mentality and behavior of large crowds attends a professional sporting event held in a large stadium. This method is an example of

Individuals who suffer from paranoid schizophrenia have a distorted view of reality. False beliefs such as delusions and hallucinations are common symptoms. An individual who has delusions of grandeur would be exemplified by which of the following?

Which psychoactive drug increases feelings of well-being by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin?

Which of the following illustrates an example of modeling therapy?

The idea that behavior is strengthened by both positive and negative reinforcement was one of the core beliefs of

Severe depression that does not respond to medication and other standard types of therapy is sometimes treated by

Alzheimer's disease is closely associated with a deficiency in which of the following neurotransmitters?

hich of the following is true of persons with bipolar disorder?

Biofeedback is a common behavior therapy that involves the use of

Which of the following actions would a split-brain patient be unable to perform?

Danielle believes that she is an exceptional driver, and she takes great pride in the fact that she has never had a traffic ticket. While driving home from work one evening, Danielle is involved in a traffic accident and immediately attributes the cause to the driver behind her. Danielle's behavior illustrates the tendency of

Martin Seligman theorized that learned helpless, the perpetual condition of attributing negative events to personal causes, can be improved by

William Masters and Virginia Johnson studied the sexual response cycle and determined that there are four phases of response in men and women. What occurs in the first phase?

Harry Harlow conducted an experiment in which young monkeys were exposed to two different "surrogate mothers." One of the mothers was a wire monkey that held a nursing bottle and the other was a cloth monkey that did not. Harlow's experiment demonstrated which of the following?

Dr. Roberts is treating a client suffering from dissociative amnesia. The client experienced a traumatic event recently but has no recollection of the event and becomes agitated when people insist that he remember. Dr. Roberts believes that the cause of his client's condition results from an inability to accept the tragedy of the circumstance. Of which psychological perspective is Dr. Roberts most likely a proponent?

A behavioral psychologist would likely attribute a client's prolonged state of depression to which of the following?

The term used to define one's self-awareness as it applies to the sense of being male or female is

A neuron will send an impulse only if a stimulus reaches the threshold necessary to produce an action potential. This can be explained by which of the following?

Which theory of emotion argues that a person will first experience physiological changes before feeling an emotion?

The tendency for people to behave in an unusual and uncharacteristic manner when part of a large group because of a loss of self-awareness is known as

Which of the following explains the primary purpose of an achievement test?

A test designed to identify people with potential for careers in engineering would be classified as

A person who invests more in a relationship than what can be justified by the amount of effort invested decides to end the relationship. Such behavior is consistent with which of the following?

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) was created for the purpose of

Which of the following best explains the drive-reduction theory?

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children first make moral judgments based on

Clark finds an old family photograph torn and deteriorated from age. The person in the image is too indistinct to make out, but Clark knows the picture is of his father as a young man because he recognizes the shirt he is wearing. Clark's recognition can best be explained by which perceptual theory?

According to Freud, which structure of the personality negotiates between personal desire and social conditions?

In order for neurons to communicate, all of the following are necessary EXCEPT

Which of the following examples illustrates episodic memory?

Jamal slowly turns the volume dial of his stereo up until the sound is just audible. The measurable point at which Jamal is first able to detect a faint sound represents the

Jamal slowly turns the volume dial of his stereo down until he can just detect an audible change in volume. This measureable change in stimulation represents the

According to Hans Seyle's general adaption syndrome theory, when a person is exposed to a stressful event, he or she will go through three stages. What occurs in the first stage?

A child experiences a traumatic event in which she is frightened by a bat. If the child later reacts with equal fear when seeing a bird, the child is exhibiting

A child is not allowed to watch television and throws a tantrum in response. The parent ends the tantrum by allowing the child to watch television anyway. The child repeats this behavior each time he is not allowed to watch television. When the parent decides to ignore the tantrum instead of letting the child have his way, the child eventually quits throwing tantrums. If the child were to throw a tantrum again the next time he is not allowed to watch television, the child would be exhibiting

The repetition of a desired behavior due to the removal of an unpleasant consequence is known as

A researcher wants to know which group out of four sets of IQ scores has the greatest standard deviation. Instead of using the formula for calculating standard deviation, the researcher performs a quicker analysis by calculating the difference between the highest and lowest scores in each group. The group with the largest difference between the high and low score will likely have the greatest standard deviation. The method used by the researcher is an example of

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is designed to identify personality and

People in groups take more risks when making decisions than individuals do. Which of the following accounts for this tendency?

Andrew has been accepted to every college he applied to last spring. The University of Michigan has a great academic program for his major, but Andrew hates cold weather. Penn State University is close to many family members and friends, but it does not have the best academic program for Andrew. Lastly, the University of Texas has the best weather, but Andrew does not know anyone in the South. Which of the following conflicts is illustrated?

Developing a standardized test involves removing questions that are either all answered correctly or all answered incorrectly. Which of the following explains the reason for this practice?

The regulation of psychological testing by the American Psychological Association is conducted in order to 1. ensure objectivity 2. promote uniformity 3. assure confidentiality

Trained animals who revert to innate behaviors instead of their learned conditioned behaviors exhibit which of the following?

Alfred Adler suggested that the primary driving force in the formation of personality is

Which of the following is true according to the theory of observational learning?

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development states that one's view of the world changes with new information through the process of

Yale is giving a speech tomorrow that will cover seven key issues. He wants the speech to flow as smoothly as possible, so he memorizes the names of the key issues by associating them with places within his house. The mnemonic device that Yale uses is known as

Grady drives down the highway and notices a large herd of animals grazing in a roadside pasture. As he looks at the animals, he perceives the group as a collective whole rather than as individual animals. This perceptual tendency can best be explained by which of the following Gestalt principles of organization?

An IQ score of 145 on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) would represent which of the following? 1. Gifted intelligence 2. Average intelligence 3. Two standard deviations above the mean 4. Three standard deviations above the mean

Crediting a person's behavior to his or her innate characteristics is an example of

Subject A and Subject B are presented with a problem in which each is asked to present a possible solution. Subject A presents a solution derived from an organized and structured approach, whereas subject B generates several possible solutions derived from a more imaginative approach. The approach of subject B illustrates an example of

The theory that cognitive development occurs in a sequence of distinct stages rather than steadily from birth through death is known as

An alternate to the James-Lang theory came in the form of the

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development consists of eight stages that are each characterized by a

The body's physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 25-hour cycle are known as

A researcher studying the effects of environment on intelligence believes that children from two-parent households have higher overall levels of intelligence than children from single-parent households. To test the hypothesis, the researcher compares the intelligence levels of children from the two types of households. However, the researcher discounts the cases where children from single-parent households show high intelligence. The researcher's practice is an example of

In an experiment that examines how the number of hours slept in a night affects the level of alertness at noon the following day, the dependent variable would be the

The relationship between the number of different words spoken to a child in an average day and the child's vocabulary at age three would be measured according to

The age at which a child learns to walk and the child's reading achievement in fifth grade would likely have

A researcher investigates the relationship between average caffeine consumption per day and cognitive decline over a specified span of time. How does the following scatterplot depict the researcher's findings about the correlation between the variables?

The trait for color blindness is carried on the X chromosome. Which of the following is true regarding the inherited trait of color blindness?

In what way does human sexual motivation differ from most other species?