Energy In Ecosystems Pretests – Flashcards

D. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The above... a. energy cannot be created or destroyed b. an organism's energy must go somewhere c. an organism's energy must come from somewhere

True

False

only autotrophs can convert solar energy into chemical energy

potential energy in chemical form

True

The less energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer.

D. all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The above... a. if a person is in the path of the lightning discharge b. if a person is not in the path of the lightning discharge c. up to 10 miles away from the rain area in a thunderstorm

False

Most incoming solar energy is absorbed by the atmosphere.

1 - 5%

energy is lost at each level as heat, which increases randomization

True

lost as heat

Energy is lost as heat in each stage, causing the amount of energy available to decrease with each stage.

Available energy would decrease from the mouse to the hawk.

producers

False

phytoplankton ® zooplankton ® fish ® mammal

Entropy increases going from one trophic level to another.

roots

adaptations to arid environments

C3

oxygen

True

chlorophyll

False

C3 processes take place throughout the leaf, while C4 processes take place in the inner cells.

through openings in the leaves called stomata

True

Organisms in the deep sea do not have direct access to sunlight.

pieces of organic matter that were once part of living organisms

chemosynthesis and marine snow

water

zooplankton

water

C3 carbon fixation occurs in more plants than C4 carbon fixation.

protozoa

None of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The above... a. The amount of available energy decreases at each higher trophic level. b. The energy conversion efficiency decreases at higher trophic levels. c. The net production of energy is higher at lower trophic levels.

The less energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer.

Energy flows through an ecosystem and cannot be recycled.

all of the above -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The above... a. energy decreases b. entropy increases c. biomass decreases

Energy is neither created nor destroyed by chemical processes, merely transferred. Since energy is also lost every time energy is transferred between organisms, that lost heat must go somewhere. That lost energy becomes waste heat in the environment.

There are different types of carbon fixation, because plants are located in regions with different conditions. Plants that live in arid regions need to conserve water, while plants that live in more moist conditions will not need to conserve water. Plants that live in dry areas, or areas with higher temperatures have adapted modified methods of carbon fixation to help maximize their efficiency.

CAM

Photosynthesis is vital for plant life, because it provides plants with a means to produce energy. Photosynthesis indirectly provides organisms that feed on plants with energy as well. Organisms that feed on plants derive their energy from the plants, which obtained their energy from sunlight through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis also helps maintain atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants during photosynthesis, and oxygen is released.

Lightning strikes are dangerous whether an individual is or is not in the path of the discharge. The current propagated by a lightning strike is actually what is harmful and the current can pass through the ground after striking. This means that even near-misses can be dangerous as the current travels through the ground.

irreversible changes

sunlight and nutrient availability

The light reactions occur when light is absorbed by the chlorophyll in plants. This light energy is converted to chemical energy in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts in the form of ATP and NADPH. Water splits, producing oxygen gas which is released through the stomata on plant leaves. The dark reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts when carbon dioxide is converted to sugar using energy derived from ATP and NADPH.

Light reactions need light to produce organic energy molecules (ATP and NADPH). They are initiated by colored pigments, mainly green colored chlorophylls. While dark reactions make use of these organic energy molecules (ATP and NADPH). This reaction cycle is also called Calvin Benison Cycle, and it occurs in the stroma. ATP provides the energy while NADPH provides the electrons required to fix the CO2(carbon dioxide) into carbohydrates.

Energy is neither created nor destroyed only transferred. Since energy is lost every time it is transferred between organisms, that lost heat must go somewhere. That lost heat energy becomes waste heat in the environment.

Different types are suited best for different types of plant who are in different locations and have different temperatures and resources.

Without photosynthesis producers couldn't survive. Without plants, primary consumers wouldn't have food. Without primary consumers, secondary consumers wouldn't have food. Without secondary consumers, tertiary consumers wouldn't have food. Without tertiary consumers, quaternary consumers wouldn't have food. Plants also gives out oxygen and take in carcon dioxide.

If a person is in the path of the lightning discharge. If a person is not in the path of the lightning discharge. Up to 10 miles away from the rain area in a thunderstorm lightning can be dangerous, for where it hits other stuff and it can affect the nervous system, etc.

organic matter

Organisms must gather energy to survive. This energy can come in different forms, depending upon whether the organism is an autotroph and gathers its energy from sunlight or a consumer that feeds upon autotrophs and/or other consumers. Processing plant and animal matter into usable chemical energy in this way requires transforming it. Plant matter is transformed by herbivores which are transformed by carnivores, maintaining the food webs that support an ecosystem.

If energy doesn't transform organisms cant take it in the right way. And can't pass it on.