The Theory of Evolution Review Chapter 15 – Flashcards
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H.M.S (beagle), upon which Charles Darwin served as naturalist set sail on a collecting and mapping expedition in 1831
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true
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The environments that Darwin studied exhibited little biological diversity
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False, had a lot of biological diversity
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by careful anatomical study, darwin found that the many species of plants and animals on the galapagos islands were unique and bore no relation to species seen in other parts of the world
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false
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the tortoises of the Galapagos islands are among the largest on Earth
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true
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after returning to England, Darwin studied his collections for 10 years
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false, 20
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darwin named the process by which evolution proceeds artificial selection
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false, natural selection
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female finches found on the galpagos islands lay enormous numbers of eggs
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overproduction of offspring
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these finches compete for particular species of insect that inhabits the small holes found in tree bark
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struggle for existence
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some finches' beaks are long, some are short. the finches with long beaks are better adapted to remove the insects from the bark
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variations
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the finches with long beaks survive and produce greater numbers of offspring with long beaks
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natural selection
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enables an organism to blend in with its surroundings
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camouflage
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provides protection for an organism by copying the appearance of another speices
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mimicry
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the coloration of a flounder that allows the fish to avoid predators
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camoflauge
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involves changes to the external appearance of an organism
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both
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a flower that looks like a female bee
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mimicry
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a modified structure among different groups of descendants
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homologous structure
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in the earliest stages of development, a tail and pharyngeal pouches can be seen in fish, birds, rabbits, and mammals
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embroylogical development
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exemplified by forelimbs of bats, penguins, lizards, and monkeys
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homologous structure
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eyes in a blind fish
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vestigial structure
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DNA and RNA comparisons may lead to evolutionary trees
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genetic comparisons
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bird and butterfly wings have same function but different structures
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analogous structure
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a body structure reduced in original function but may have been used in an ancestory
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vestigial structure
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what is the pattern of heredity shown in the transparency?
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incomplete dominance
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explain why this pattern of heredity is useful in illustrating genetic equilibrium
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offspring show the genotypes
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how does the first generation differ from the second generation
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the phenotype change but the genes themselves do not change
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why is the population of snapdragons shown in the transparency considered to be in genetic equilibrium?
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the allelic frequency stays the same, they do not change
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would the population shown in the transparency be considered to be evolving or not evolving? explain
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No because there's not enough time passed to evolve anything, nothing has evolved. 1 individual's color has changed, that's it.
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how would genetic drift affect a population in genetic equilibrium
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There would be a small change in the population
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what is the impact of mutation on genetic equilibrium
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there would be a small change in the population
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Study the graph for stabilizing selection. Explain the effect of this type of natural selection.
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stabilizing selection wants to be in the middle, it favors the average. the organisms on the extreme are going to die or evolve, decrease variation
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use the transparency to explain the effect of directional selection
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it favors one extreme
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use the transparency to explain the effect of disruptive selection
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it favors both extremes
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why might average-sized spiders be favored in a given environment
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too big and their more visible, too small no food
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why might woodpeckers with longer beaks have a selective advantage over those with shorter beaks
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able to get more food
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Limpets are marine organisms that attach themselves to rocks. under what environmental conditions might intermediate forms of limpets--- those that are tan, rather than white or dark brown --- be at a disadvantage?
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tan limpets are more visible
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what do the three types of natural selection have in common
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they require them to evolve
