A&P I Chapter 11 Lab – Flashcards
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Which neuroglial cell type surrounds the cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system
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satellite cell
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Which cell type is highlighted?
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neuroglial cell
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Which structures are highlighted?
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nodes of Ranvier
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Which of the following is synthesized in the highlighted structure?
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ribosomal RNA
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Which structures are highlighted?
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Schwann cell nuclei
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Which tissue is highlighted?
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white matter
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Which structure is highlighted?
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axon hillock
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Which structures are highlighted?
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axons
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Which structure is highlighted?
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cell body
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Which tissue is highlighted?
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endoneurium
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The highlighted structure consists of a bundle of ________.
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axons
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Which structure is highlighted?
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ventral funiculus
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Which structure is highlighted?
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gray commissure
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Which tissue is highlighted?
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gray matter
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Which neuroglial cell type forms the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
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Schwann cell
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Which structures are highlighted?
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myelinated nerve fiber
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Which of the following statements about receptor potentials is FALSE?
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The receptor potential is carried by neuroglia.
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Which of the following is NOT a functional region of a neuron?
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medullary region
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The conducting region of the neuron is the _______.
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axon
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The typical concentration of sodium is _______.
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lower than potassium intracellularly.
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Which of the following describes a change from the resting membrane potential?
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a receptor potential, a synaptic potential or an action potential
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What effect did increasing the extracellular potassium have on the resting membrane potential?
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The resting membrane potential became less negative.
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What effect did decreasing the extracellular sodium have on the resting membrane potential?
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Only a small change occurred, because the resting neuron is not very permeable to sodium.
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The channels that provide for the movement of potassium in the resting neuron are _______.
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leakage
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Establishing the resting membrane potential requires energy through the use of the _______.
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sodium-potassium pump
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The receptor potential is generated at the _______.
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receiving region
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Sensory transduction is defined as _______.
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the conversion of a stimulus to a change in membrane potential
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The receptor potential _______.
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amplitude can vary with the stimulus intensity, requires the appropriate stimulus and can be graded with a stimulus intensity
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Which of the following describes a depolarization?
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The membrane becomes less polarized.
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Which of the following was able to detect pressure?
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the Pacinian corpuscle and the free nerve ending
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Which of the following does NOT describe graded potentials?
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They are always depolarizing.
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Which of the following responded to a chemical stimulus?
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olfactory receptor
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When the intensity of the appropriate stimulus was increased, the amplitude of the response _______.
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increased
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A nerve is _______.
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a bundle of axons
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The region on the neuron where action potentials are generated is called the ______.
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trigger zone
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In this simulation, ___________________ will be used to stimulate the axon.
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voltage
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We describe the regeneration of the action potential down the membrane of the axon of the neuron as _______.
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conduction or propagation
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The minimum voltage that is required to generate an action potential is called the _______.
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threshold voltage
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Increasing the voltage resulted in which of the following?
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no change to the action potential
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An axon that is more negative than the resting membrane potential is said to be _______.
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hyperpolarized
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If an increase in extracellular potassium hyperpolarizes a neuron, which of the following would be correct?
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It would change the membrane potential to a more negative value.
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An action potential requires _______.
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voltage-gated sodium channels to open and sodium to flow with its electrochemical gradient
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To reach threshold, the amount of sodium _______.
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entering the cell must overcome the potassium exiting
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Which of the following blocks voltage-gated sodium channels?
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tetrodotoxin and lidocaine
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Which of the following is used to block pain?
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lidocaine
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Which of the following occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin?
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The number of action potentials decreased.
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Which of the following occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin?
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An action potential was always seen at R1.
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In the presence of lidocaine, the action potential was NOT affected at R1 because _______.
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lidocaine was applied downstream of R1
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The effects of lidocaine and tetrodotoxin were _______.
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similar, but tetrodotoxin had a greater effect
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A synaptic cleft, or synaptic gap, can be found between a neuron and ______.
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All of these.
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The membrane potential that occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors is called _______.
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a postsynaptic potential
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The release of neurotransmitter occurs _______.
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at the axon terminal
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Which of the following occurs first?
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An action potential arrives at the axon terminal.
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At a chemical synapse, the intensity of the stimulus is coded by _______.
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the amount of neurotransmitter released and the amount of calcium that enters the axon terminal
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When the calcium was removed from the extracellular solution, _______.
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no neurotransmitter was released
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When magnesium was added to the extracellular solution, _______.
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the amount of neurotransmitter released decreased
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Calcium and magnesium are both _______.
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divalent cations
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A weak, subthreshold stimulus will result in _______.
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a small depolarization at the receiving end of the neuron
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Which stimulus was at or above threshold?
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the moderate and strong stimuli
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Increasing the strength of the stimulus applied to the sensory receptor increased _______.
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the frequency of action potentials in the sensory neuron, the amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal of the sensory neuron and the frequency of action potentials in the interneuron
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An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs _______.
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at the receiving end of the interneuron
