AP Gov Chapter 18 – Flashcards

Policy that involves choice taking about relations with the rest of the world. The president is the chief initiator of US foreign affairs.

Armed forces have been used to act our our foreign policy ex) war on terrorism

Trade regulations, tariffs, economic sanctions for international affairs ex) Iran

Using relationships with countries to influence policy ex) Camp David Accords

A worldwide organization used for relations between countries in all different areas ex) UN

Created in 1945 and currently including 193 member nations, with a central peacekeeping mission and programs in areas including economic development and health, education and welfare. The seat of real power in the UN is the security council.

Helps to regulate the chaotic world of international finance, and stabilizes the exchange of currencies and the world economy.

finance development projects in new nations

Regulate trade internationally

Certain areas of the globe create groups for various international affairs

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a regional organization that was created in 1949 by nations including the US, Canada, and most Western European nations for mutual defense and has subsequently been expanded. Originally created to stop communism.

EU a transnational government composed of most European nations that coordinates monetary, trade, immigration, and labor policies, making its members one economic unit.

Churches, labor groups, environmentalist groups

Can influence nearly every tool of foreign policy through fear

Through tourism, immigration and refugees

Chief Diplomat-negotiates treaties/executive agreements, appoints diplomats, recognizes countries. Commander in Chief-command troops

Secretary of State/ambassadors

Head of the State Department, traditionally key advisor to he president on foreign policy

Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, National Security Council, CIA, NSA

The Director of National Intelligence serves as the head of the Intelligence Community, overseeing and directing the implementation of the National Intelligence Program and acting as the principal advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters related ...

Approve ambassadors/treaties, power of purse, declare war, etc.

the foreign policy course the US followed throughout most of its history whereby it tried to stay out of other nation's conflicts, particularly European wars. Recommended by Washington.

US would stay focused on Western Hemisphere, Europe stays in Eastern Hemisphere

The hostility between the US and the USSR which often brought them to the brink of war and which spanned from the end of WWll to the collapse of the USSR: UN was made after WWll, and the US helped European countries with the Marshall plan and the creation of NATO

A foreign policy strategy advocated by George Kennan that called for the US to isolate the Soviet Union, "contain" its advances, and resist its encroachments by peaceful means if possible but force if necessary. "Iron Curtain" Churchill, support given to Greece/Turkey, USSR responded w the Berlin Blockade.

US was prepared to use nukes to deal with and defer communists.

A tense relationship beginning in the 1950s between the USSR and the US whereby one side's weaponry became the other side's goal to procure more weapons, and so on.

Troops sent by LBJ, undeclared war, Guerrilla Warfare, Nixon bombs Vietnam and Cambodia-Peace treaties lasted 2 years, north took south

President, VP, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense

An agency created after WWll to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad and to collect, analyze, and evaluate intelligence.

A group that consists of the commanding officers of each of the armed services, a chair + vice chair advise the president on military policy

Plays a huge role in the National Security Establishment

A policy beginning in the early 1970s that sought a relaxation of tensions between the US and USSR, coupled with firm guarantees of mutual security. Nixon opens trade with China and SALT

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, never approved by the senate but mostly followedd

Very controversial, has always been a large part of the budget. Was 50% now 20%, over $700 Billion. Cut back after the Cold War, Built up after 9/11 and then decreased again after Iraq/Afghanistan.

Inter Continental Blitz Missiles

International Monetary Fund, a cooperative international organization of 185 countries intended to stabilize the exchange of currencies and the world economy.

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, reduced the among of nuclear weapons

Ability to persuade others without force or coercion

Military used to accomplish humanitarian needs ex) Haiti earthquake

Cutoff of AID like to Iraq, or sanctions on Iran, or Trade Embargo with Cuba. Has to be followed by the international community to be effective.

Only 8 countries have declared nuclear weapons, more possible do. Others have given up or stopped nuclear weapon programs. Many view Iran and North Korea as major threats.

Mutual reliance, as in the economic realm, in which actions in nations reverberate and affect the economic well-being of people in other nations

A special tax added to imported goods to raise their price, thereby protecting businesses and workers from foreign competition.

ex) NAFTA & TPP makes trade between countries a lot easier without taxes

The ration of what is paid for imports to what is earned from exports. When more is paid than earned, there is a trade deficit. US ~500 Billion dollar trade deficit. This could lead to the devaluing of the dollar.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, An economic organization consisting primarily of Middle Eastern countries that seeks to control the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations and hence the price of oil.