Sedimentary Rocks – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What characteristic is used to classify detrital sedimentary rocks?
answer
Grain sizes of the detrital particles
question
Which of the following applies to the basic constituents of halite, gypsum, and sylvite?
answer
All are transported as dissolved ions and then deposited by evaporation.
question
Of the following list, which common mineral found in igneous rocks is the most abundant mineral in detrital sedimentary rocks?
answer
Quartz
question
What is the chemical formula for dolomite, the major mineral in dolostones?
answer
CaMg(CO3)2
question
Which of the following sedimentary features would typically be found in shales but not in sandstones?
answer
Mud cracks
question
What type of sandstone contains abundant feldspar?
answer
Arkose
question
Which of the following is not a type of limestone?
answer
Arkose
question
What is the main difference between a conglomerate and a sedimentary breccia?
answer
Breccia clasts are angular; conglomerate clasts are rounded.
question
For which of the following sediments does compaction play an important role?
answer
mud
question
Which of the following best describes bedded gypsum and halite?
answer
Chemically derived sedimentary rocks
question
Which of the following descriptions best matches a "greywacke"?
answer
a sandstone with sand grains embedded in a clay rich matrix
question
In what type of depositional environment is oolitic limestone most likely to form?
answer
Shallow, clear marine waters with vigorous current activity and lots of corals
question
What is probably the single most important, original, depositional feature in sedimentary rocks?
answer
Bedding or stratification
question
What percentage of the continental areas of Earth's surface is covered by sediments and sedimentary rocks?
answer
75%
question
A cherty limestone would most likely contain which major constituents?
answer
Silica and calcite
question
Which of the following sedimentary rocks would you expect to have originally been deposited by fast-moving streams?
answer
Conglomerate
question
What is the most common type of chemical sedimentary rock?
answer
Limestone
question
What mineral is the building block of microcrystalline flint, chert, and jasper?
answer
quartz (SiO2)
question
Which of the following is a form of calcium carbonate?
answer
Travertine
question
Which one of the following is not a chemical sedimentary rock or evaporite?
answer
Shale
question
Where do coal beds originate?
answer
In freshwater coastal swamps and bogs
question
A cherty limestone would most likely contain which major constituents?
answer
Silica and calcite
question
What is probably the single most important, original, depositional feature in sedimentary rocks?
answer
Bedding or stratification
question
In which of the following sedimentary rocks are nonclastic textures common?
answer
Limestones
question
What cement produces bright-red and yellow colors in some sandstones?
answer
Iron oxide
