Ch 37 APUSH – Flashcards

the abolishment of racial segregation, which happened due to the work of Civil Rights leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Down South, Jim Crow laws still segregated the races. Though able to vote on paper, only about 20% of southern blacks were actually registered to vote.

American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

1956 Eisenhower 20 yr plan to build 41,000 mi of highway, largest public works project in history These highways did much to change the economic and social structure of America. They helped businesses and families move from downtowns to suburbs, from Main Street to Wal-Mart.

an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum Communism wasn't the real threat to the U.S., nationalism and the power of oil was. In 1960, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, and Iran linked with Venezuela to form OPEC

A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) Castro began to nationalize Cuban lands, many were owned by Americans. Castro's plan was to take from large landowners then distribute the land to the people.

a part of the US Air Force formed in the late 1940s, to engage in long-range bombing missions and to prepare for nuclear strikes In the Cold War atmosphere led Pres. Eisenhower to build up the Strategic Air Command.

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.

Linda Brown fought against the BOE for integration in schools. There was an 1869 precedent that decided segregation was separate but equal. Yes, separate but equal is inherently unequal, so schools became integrated.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, churches link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr., was a success Organized black churches.

A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States.

The Democratic candidate who ran against Eisenhower in 1952. His intellectual speeches earned him and his supporters the term "eggheads". Lost to Eisenhower.

The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States.

The Democratic nomination for the 1960 presidential election; he won with just enough delegates behind him for the nomination. He was the first Catholic presidential candidate since Al Smith in 1928. Pres. during cold war and crisis with cuba.

Womens right activist whose book encouraged women to find their own identity outside of marriage. Wrote the book The Feminine Mystique (1963).

Refused to give up her seat to a white passenger. After she was jailed, the Montgomery bus boycott was organized. Showed tactic of peaceful resistance

United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1891-1974) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954) was main case.

Program which apprehended and returned some one million illegal immigrants to Mexico. Ike headed this action.

ruled the USSR from 1958-1964; lessened government control of soviet citizens; seeked peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation. Ike wanted to ease the tension a bit with Stalin's successor Nikita Khrushchev

Eisenhower's secretary of state, against Communism. He proposed cutting back on military spending, but focusing on building nuclear weapon-carrying bombers in a "Strategic Air Command."

Place where there were meetings to discuss land for peace. The first was in 1979 between Israel and Egypt and the other was in 2000 between Israel and the PNA Khrushchev met Eisenhower at Camp David.

the US president who privately wanted to stay out of Vietnam but sent soldiers because his goal was to stop the spread of communism. Democrats nominated John F. Kennedy (V.P. candidate Lyndon B. Johnson).

wrote The Grapes of Wrath depicting the depression through a family's journey west from Oklahoma. Won nobel prize for literature.

One of the means used to discourage African-American voting that permitted political parties in the heavily Democratic South to exclude African Americans from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real contests. The Supreme Court declared White primaries unconstitutional in 1944.

Governor Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to surround Central High School to keep the nine students from entering the school, because he believed black and whites should be segregated, despite Federal laws on integration. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the 101st Airborne Division to keep them safe

United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany. First president to be limited to two terms by the 22nd Amendment. So he couldn't run again.

July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw. Made it clear Britain was no longer a world power

Soviet sattellite first launched into Earth orbit on October 4, 1957.