Malamed Handbook of Local Anesthesia – Flashcards
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Is articaine available in the United States?
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Yes
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Is articaine an ester or an amide?
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Amide
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What percentage does articaine come in?
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4%
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What is the pregnancy class of articaine without epinepherine?
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Class C
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What is the Potency & Toxicity of articaine?
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2
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Where is articaine metabolized?
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Plasma & Liver
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How many minutes is the onset of articaine?
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1-2 minutes
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What is the half life of articaine?
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30 minutes
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What is the maximum recommended dose of articaine per pound?
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3.2mg/lb
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What is the duration of articaine?
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Medium duration
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What are the indications for the use of articaine?
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Maxillary infiltration
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What injection can NOT be performed with articaine?
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IA
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What are the trade names for articaine?
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Septocaine, Septanest We do art in September
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Is bupivicaine available in the United States?
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Yes
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Is bupivicaine an ester or an amide?
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amide
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What percentage of anesthetic is bupivicaine?
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.5%
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What pregnancy class is bupivicaine without epinephrine?
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Class C
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What is the potency and toxicity of bupivicaine?
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.5
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Where is bupivicaine metabolized?
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Liver
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What is the onset of bupivicaine?
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6-10 minutes
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What is the half life of bupivicaine?
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2.7 hours
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What is the maximum recommended dose per pound for bupivicaine?
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.9 mg/lb
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What is the maximum recommended dose per appointment for bupivicaine?
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90mg
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What is the duration of bupivicaine?
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Longest
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What are the indications for use of bupivicaine?
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long and painful procedures
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What are the trade names of bupivicaine?
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Marcaine
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Is lidocaine available in the United States?
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yes
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Is lidocaine an amide or an ester?
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amide
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what percentage anesthetic is lidocaine?
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2%
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What pregnancy class is lidocaine without epinepherine?
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Class B
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What is the potency/toxicity of lidocaine?
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2
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Where is lidocaine metabolized?
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Liver
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What is the onset of lidocaine?
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2 to 3 minutes
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What is the half life of lidocaine?
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1.5 hour
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What is the maximum recommended dose per pound of lidocaine?
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3.2mg/lb
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What is the maximum recommended dose of lidocaine per appointment?
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500mg
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What is the duration of lidocaine?
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medium
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What are the indications for use of lidocaine?
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it is the GO TO anesthetic if a patient can have epinepherine
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What is a contraindication for giving lidocaine?
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if a patient is taking cementidine
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What are the trade names of lidocaine?
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Octocaine, Xylocaine, Alphacaine, Lingnospan
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Is mepivicaine available in the United States?
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yes
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is mepivicaine an ester or an amide?
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amide
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What percentage anesthetic is mepivicaine available in?
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2% with epi 3% without
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What pregnancy classificaion is mepivicaine without epi?
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Class C
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What potency and toxicity is mepivicaine?
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2
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Where is mepivicaine metabolized?
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liver
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What is the onset of mepivicaine?
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1.5 to 2 minutes
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What is the half life of mepificaine?
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1.9 hours
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What is the maximum recommended dose per pound of mepivicaine?
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3mg/lb
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What is the maximum recommended dose of mepivicaine per appointment?
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400mg
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What is the duration of mepivicaine?
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shortest
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What are the indications for use of mepivicaine?
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short proceedures and if patient cannot have epi
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What is important to note about mepivicaine
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it is the most difficult anesthetic to break down
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Trade names for mepivicaine
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Polocaine, Isocaine, Carboaine, Scandonest, Arestocaine
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Is prilocaine available in the united states?
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yes
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Is prilocaine an ester or an amide?
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amide
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What percentage anesthetic does prilocaine come in?
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4%
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What pregnancy class is prilocaine without epinepherine?
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Class B
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What is the potency of prilocaine?
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2
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What is the toxicity of prilocaine?
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1
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Where is prilocaine metabolized?
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Liver
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What is the onset of prilocaine?
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2 to 4 minutes
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What is the half life of prilocaine?
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1.6 hours
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What is the maximum recommended dose of prilocaine per pound?
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3.6mg/lb
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What is the maximum recommended dose of prilocaine per appt.?
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600mg
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What is the duration of prilocaine?
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With epi - medium without epi - short
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What are the indications for use of prilocaine?
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Short procedures, if patient cannot have epi and pregnant patients
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What is a potential problem that can occur after the administration of prilocaine?
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Methemaglobenemia
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What is important to note about prilocaine?
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it is the easiest anesthetic to breakdown
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What is the trade name of prilocaine?
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Citanest
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Is benzocaine available in the united states?
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yes
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What percentage anesthetic is benzocaine?
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20%
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is benzocaine an ester or an amide?
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ester
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What is the pregnancy clasification of benzocaine?
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class C
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Where is benzocaine metabolized?
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the plasma
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What is the onset of benzocaine?
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2-3 minutes
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Is procaine available in the united states?
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No
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Is procaine an ester or an amide?
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ester
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what percentages does procaine come in?
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2% and 4%
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What is the potency/toxicity of procaine?
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1
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Where is procaine metabolized?
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Plasma
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What is the onset of procaine?
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6 to 10 minutes
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What is the half life of procaine?
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6 minutes
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Is propoxycaine available in the united states?
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no
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is propoxycaine an ester or an amide?
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ester
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what percentage anesthetic does propoxycaine come in?
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4%
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what is the potency/toxicity of propoxycaine?
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7.5
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Where is propoxycaine metabolized?
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plasma & liver
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What is the onset of propoxycaine?
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2 to 3 minutes
